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Substance withdrawal: Difference between revisions
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* '''[[Anticonvulsants]]''' such as '''[[topiramate]]''', '''[[pregabalin]]''', or '''[[gabapentin]]''' - There is some limited evidence that topiramate, pregabalin, or gabapentin could help alcohol withdrawal; however, gabapentin is not recommended for severe withdrawal.<ref>Hammond, CJ; Niciu, MJ; Drew, S; Arias, AJ (April 2015). "Anticonvulsants for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome and alcohol use disorders". CNS Drugs. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25895020</ref><ref>ung, JG; Hall-Flavin, D; Nelson, S; Schmidt, KA; Schak, KM (August 2015). "The role of gabapentin in the management of alcohol withdrawal and dependence". The Annals of Pharmacotherapy (Review). | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25969570</ref> | * '''[[Anticonvulsants]]''' such as '''[[topiramate]]''', '''[[pregabalin]]''', or '''[[gabapentin]]''' - There is some limited evidence that topiramate, pregabalin, or gabapentin could help alcohol withdrawal; however, gabapentin is not recommended for severe withdrawal.<ref>Hammond, CJ; Niciu, MJ; Drew, S; Arias, AJ (April 2015). "Anticonvulsants for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome and alcohol use disorders". CNS Drugs. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25895020</ref><ref>ung, JG; Hall-Flavin, D; Nelson, S; Schmidt, KA; Schak, KM (August 2015). "The role of gabapentin in the management of alcohol withdrawal and dependence". The Annals of Pharmacotherapy (Review). | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25969570</ref> | ||
* '''[[Haloperidol]]''' - The antipsychotic haloperidol may also be used to control symptoms, especially agitation or psychosis. However, antipsychotics lower the seizure threshold so they can potentially worsen the withdrawal. | * '''[[Haloperidol]]''' - The antipsychotic haloperidol may also be used to control symptoms, especially agitation or psychosis. However, antipsychotics lower the seizure threshold so they can potentially worsen the withdrawal. | ||
* '''Paraldehyde''' - This is an older | * '''Paraldehyde''' - This is an older medication that is generally not used anymore. In regards to treating severe and fatal withdrawal symptoms, paraldehyde combined with chloral hydrate showed superior results over chlordiazepoxide.<ref>Minozzi, S.; Amato, L.; Vecchi, S.; Davoli, M.; Minozzi, Silvia (2010). Minozzi, Silvia, ed. "Anticonvulsants for alcohol withdrawal" (PDF). Cochrane Database Syst Rev | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD005064.pub3/abstract;jsessionid=D671C693A358A174D0D86CB0423AFE70.f01t01</ref> | ||
* '''Acamprosate''' - This | * '''Acamprosate''' - This substance is sometimes used in addition to other treatments. It can be continued long-term to reduce the risk of relapse. | ||
* '''Carbamazepine''' - This | * '''Carbamazepine''' - This substance assisted in the reduction of withdrawal symptoms in seven scientific trials involving 612 patients.<ref name="mag"></ref> However, it is questionable whether or not the substance can prevent seizures and delirium tremens in a similar manner to benzodiazepines due to inconclusive evidence. | ||
* '''[[Clonidine]]''' - This | * '''[[Clonidine]]''' - This substance is sometimes combined with benzodiazepines to treat symptoms. | ||
==Nicotine withdrawal== | ==Nicotine withdrawal== | ||