Talk:Bromazolam: Difference between revisions

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{{decree|type=notice|message=This article is in the 'Talk' namespace because it is an unfinished draft. This section is used to host drafts for unpublished articles as well as discussions for published ones. If you'd like to use this area to discuss this draft, please do so in the 'Discussion' section at the very bottom of the page. This notice will be removed once this draft has been approved for publication by an administrator.}}{{headerpanel|{{Approval}}}}

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"Onset of effects after oral use is estimated to be 15–45 min, and the duration of action is 5–8 h." - WHO Critical Review findings <ref>[https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/controlled-substances/45th-ecdd/bromazolam_draft.pdf?sfvrsn=f1bc761e_1https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/controlled-substances/45th-ecdd/bromazolam_draft.pdf?sfvrsn=f1bc761e_1 WHO Critical Review Report: Bromazolam(2022)]</ref>

{{headerpanel|{{DepressantOD|benzodiazepines}}}}

''Bromazolam''' (also known as '''Brom''', '''Bromaz''', or '''XLI-268''') is a [[psychoactive class::depressant]] ~~substance~~ of the [[Chemical class::benzodiazepine]] ~~class - more specifically~~ it ~~is a~~ [[~~Triazolobenzodiazepine~~]] ~~(TBZD). Its characteristic effects include~~ [[~~anxiety suppression~~]], [[~~sedation~~]], [[~~disinhibition~~]], and [[~~muscle relaxation~~]]. ~~<s>~~It is currently [[Unscheduled]] in ~~most~~ parts of the world, and ~~hence it~~ is ~~commonly~~ sold as a [[Research chemicals|Research chemical]]~~</s>~~. Bromazolam ~~was virtually as unregulated as even the most obscure research chemicals known to man until early 2023~~ the ~~United States DEA and DOJ working in tandem added Flubramzolam, Etizolam, and several other designer benzodiazepines into Emergency Schedule I. Although Bromazolam itself curiously was not one~~ of ~~the substances added, the fact that Flubromazolam~~ and ~~many other very~~ similar ~~drugs are in Emergency Schedule I at the Federal Level. meaning that, as a Schedule I or II illegal narcotic, even Bromazolam itself is now illegal federally because Schedule I~~ and ~~II narcotics are covered by the Federal Analogues Act~~.

''Bromazolam''' (also known as '''Brom''', '''Bromaz''', or '''XLI-268''') is a novel [[psychoactive class::depressant]] of the [[Chemical class::benzodiazepine|Chemical class::benzodiazepine class]]. it produces [[anxiolytic]], [[Disinhibition|disinhibiting]], [[sedative]], [[Muscle relaxant|muscle relaxant]], and [[Memory suppression|memory suppressing]] effects when [[administered]]. It is currently [[Unscheduled]] in parts of the world, and is sold online as a [[Research chemicals|Research chemical]]. Bromazolam is the Bromine halogen substitution of [[Alprazolam]] and has similar pharmokinetic properties and subjective effects.

Like other [[benzodiazepines]], [[Bromazolam]] binds to specific sites on the [[gamma-amino-butyric acid|GABAA]] receptor.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4303399/</ref> Since it is not available by prescription and is sold online on [[clearnet]] and [[darknet]] vendors - it is commonly used to self-medicate or for recreational purposes.

Any comments regarding its pharmacology are purely speculation based upon the subjective effects as no formal research is available.

The [[Benzodiazepine#Discontinuation|sudden discontinuation of benzodiazepines]] can be potentially dangerous or life-threatening for individuals using regularly for extended periods of time, sometimes resulting in seizures or death.<ref>A fatal case of benzodiazepine withdrawal. (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19465812</ref> It is highly recommended to [[taper]] one's dose by gradually lowering the amount taken each day for a prolonged period of time instead of stopping abruptly.<ref>Canadian Guideline for Safe and Effective Use of Opioids for Chronic Non-Cancer Pain - Appendix B-6: Benzodiazepine Tapering | http://nationalpaincentre.mcmaster.ca/opioid/cgop_b_app_b06.html</ref>

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[[File:Alprazolam vs bromazolam.jpg|alt=Comparison between the molecular structures of alprazolam and bromazolam|thumb|323x323px|Chemical Structure Comparison of Alprazolam and Bromazolam. Structures drawn by Kevin G. Shanks (2023).]]

Bromazolam is ~~chemically nearly identical to~~ [[Alprazolam|alprazolam]], ~~just with~~ the Chlorine atom substituted with a Bromine atom~~. Its chemical formula is C17H13BrN4~~.

Bromazolam is a halogen substitution of [[Alprazolam|alprazolam]], where the Chlorine atom is substituted with a Bromine atom.

==Pharmacology==

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Bromazolam is a class c scheduled substance in the UK.<ref>https://publichealthscotland.scot/publications/rapid-action-drug-alerts-and-response-radar-alerts/radar-bromazolam-alert-2023/legal-status/#:~:text=In%20the%20UK%2C%20many%20benzodiazepines,be%20due%20to%20international%20control.</ref>

In ~~America~~, Bromazolam is unscheduled ~~federally, but is schedule 1~~ at the ~~state~~ level ~~in places~~ such as virginia.

In the United States, Bromazolam is unscheduled at the federal level. However a number of states such as Virginia have placed Bromazolam into Schedule 1 <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230323012949/https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title54.1/chapter34/section54.1-3446/</ref>

Bromazolam is covered by the Federal Analogues Act in America.

==See also==

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==External links==

~~(List along order below)~~

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~SUBSTANCE SUBSTANCE~~ (Wikipedia)]

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromazolam Bromazolam (Wikipedia)]

*~~SUBSTANCE~~ (Erowid Vault)

*[https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_Bromazolam.shtml Bromazolam (Erowid Vault)]

*~~SUBSTANCE (~~[''PiHKAL~~'' or ''TiHKAL'']~~ / Isomer Design)

*[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?domain=pk&id=3065 Bromazolam (Isomer Design)]

*[https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/46th-ecdd/bromazolam_46th-ecdd-critical-review_public-version.pdf?sfvrsn=4f1bccfa_1 WHO Critical Report October 2023]

==Literature==

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 {{decree|type=notice|message=This article is in the 'Talk' namespace because it is an unfinished draft. This section is used to host drafts for unpublished articles as well as discussions for published ones. If you'd like to use this area to discuss this draft, please do so in the 'Discussion' section at the very bottom of the page. This notice will be removed once this draft has been approved for publication by an administrator.}}{{headerpanel|{{Approval}}}}
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 "Onset of effects after oral use is estimated to be 15–45 min, and the duration of action is 5–8 h." - WHO Critical Review findings <ref>[https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/controlled-substances/45th-ecdd/bromazolam_draft.pdf?sfvrsn=f1bc761e_1https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/controlled-substances/45th-ecdd/bromazolam_draft.pdf?sfvrsn=f1bc761e_1 WHO Critical Review Report: Bromazolam(2022)]</ref>
+{{headerpanel|{{DepressantOD|benzodiazepines}}}}
+{{Distinguish|Flubromazolam}}
+{{SummarySheet}}
+{{SubstanceBox/Bromazolam}}
-''Bromazolam''' (also known as '''Brom''', '''Bromaz''', or '''XLI-268''') is a [[psychoactive class::depressant]] substance of the [[Chemical class::benzodiazepine]] class - more specifically it is a [[Triazolobenzodiazepine]] (TBZD). Its characteristic effects include [[anxiety suppression]], [[sedation]], [[disinhibition]], and [[muscle relaxation]]. <s>It is currently [[Unscheduled]] in most parts of the world, and hence it is commonly sold as a [[Research chemicals|Research chemical]]</s>. Bromazolam was virtually as unregulated as even the most obscure research chemicals known to man until early 2023 the United States DEA and DOJ working in tandem added Flubramzolam, Etizolam, and several other designer benzodiazepines into Emergency Schedule I. Although Bromazolam itself curiously was not one of the substances added, the fact that Flubromazolam and many other very similar drugs are in Emergency Schedule I at the Federal Level. meaning that, as a Schedule I or II illegal narcotic, even Bromazolam itself is now illegal federally because Schedule I and II narcotics are covered by the Federal Analogues Act.
+''Bromazolam''' (also known as '''Brom''', '''Bromaz''', or '''XLI-268''') is a novel [[psychoactive class::depressant]] of the [[Chemical class::benzodiazepine|Chemical class::benzodiazepine class]]. it produces [[anxiolytic]], [[Disinhibition|disinhibiting]], [[sedative]], [[Muscle relaxant|muscle relaxant]], and [[Memory suppression|memory suppressing]] effects when [[administered]]. It is currently [[Unscheduled]] in parts of the world, and is sold online as a [[Research chemicals|Research chemical]]. Bromazolam is the Bromine halogen substitution of [[Alprazolam]] and has similar pharmokinetic properties and subjective effects.
 Like other [[benzodiazepines]], [[Bromazolam]] binds to specific sites on the [[gamma-amino-butyric acid|GABA<sub>A</sub>]] receptor.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4303399/</ref> Since it is not available by prescription and is sold online on [[clearnet]] and [[darknet]] vendors - it is commonly used to self-medicate or for recreational purposes.
+Any comments regarding its pharmacology are purely speculation based upon the subjective effects as no formal research is available.
 The [[Benzodiazepine#Discontinuation|sudden discontinuation of benzodiazepines]] can be potentially dangerous or life-threatening for individuals using regularly for extended periods of time, sometimes resulting in seizures or death.<ref>A fatal case of benzodiazepine withdrawal. (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19465812</ref> It is highly recommended to [[taper]] one's dose by gradually lowering the amount taken each day for a prolonged period of time instead of stopping abruptly.<ref>Canadian Guideline for Safe and Effective Use of Opioids for Chronic Non-Cancer Pain - Appendix B-6: Benzodiazepine Tapering | http://nationalpaincentre.mcmaster.ca/opioid/cgop_b_app_b06.html</ref>
@@ Line 30: / Line 35: @@
 [[File:Alprazolam vs bromazolam.jpg|alt=Comparison between the molecular structures of alprazolam and bromazolam|thumb|323x323px|Chemical Structure Comparison of Alprazolam and Bromazolam. Structures drawn by Kevin G. Shanks (2023).]]
 {{chemistry}}
-Bromazolam is chemically nearly identical to [[Alprazolam|alprazolam]], just with the Chlorine atom substituted with a Bromine atom. Its chemical formula is C<sub>17</sub>H<sub>13</sub>BrN<sub>4</sub>.
+Bromazolam is a halogen substitution of [[Alprazolam|alprazolam]], where the Chlorine atom is substituted with a Bromine atom.
 ==Pharmacology==
@@ Line 127: / Line 132: @@
 Bromazolam is a class c scheduled substance in the UK.<ref>https://publichealthscotland.scot/publications/rapid-action-drug-alerts-and-response-radar-alerts/radar-bromazolam-alert-2023/legal-status/#:~:text=In%20the%20UK%2C%20many%20benzodiazepines,be%20due%20to%20international%20control.</ref>
-In America, Bromazolam is unscheduled federally, but is schedule 1 at the state level in places such as virginia.
+In the United States, Bromazolam is unscheduled at the federal level. However a number of states such as Virginia have placed Bromazolam into Schedule 1 <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230323012949/https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title54.1/chapter34/section54.1-3446/</ref>
+Bromazolam is covered by the Federal Analogues Act in America.
 ==See also==
@@ Line 134: / Line 141: @@
 ==External links==
-(List along order below)
-*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUBSTANCE SUBSTANCE (Wikipedia)]
+*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromazolam Bromazolam (Wikipedia)]
-*SUBSTANCE (Erowid Vault)
+*[https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_Bromazolam.shtml Bromazolam (Erowid Vault)]
-*SUBSTANCE ([''PiHKAL'' or ''TiHKAL''] / Isomer Design)
+*[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?domain=pk&id=3065 Bromazolam (Isomer Design)]
+*[https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/46th-ecdd/bromazolam_46th-ecdd-critical-review_public-version.pdf?sfvrsn=4f1bccfa_1 WHO Critical Report October 2023]
 ==Literature==