Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor: Difference between revisions

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'''Duloxetine'''<ref>Iyengar S, Webster AA, Hemrick-Luecke SK, Xu JY, Simmons RM (November 2004). "Efficacy of duloxetine, a potent and balanced serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor in persistent pain models in rats". J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 311 (2): 576–84. PMID 15254142. doi:10.1124/jpet.104.070656.</ref> — has been approved for the treatment of [[depression]] and neuropathic pain in August 2004. Duloxetine is contraindicated in patients with heavy [[alcohol]] use or chronic liver disease, as duloxetine can increase the levels of certain liver enzymes that can lead to acute hepatitis or other diseases in certain at-risk patients. Currently, the risk of liver damage appears to be only for patients already at risk, unlike the antidepressant nefazodone, which, though rare, can spontaneously cause liver failure in healthy patients.<ref>"Nefazodone Hydrochloride Tablets. Full Prescribing Information". DailyMed. Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. North Wales, PA 19454. September 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2016.</ref> Duloxetine is also approved for major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), diabetic neuropathy, chronic musculoskeletal pain, including chronic osteoarthritis pain and chronic low back pain.<ref>"Cymbalta (duloxetine delayed-release) Capsules for Oral Use. Full Prescribing Information" (PDF). Lilly USA, LLC, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA. Retrieved 29 August 2016.</ref>

'''Milnacipran''' — shown to be significantly effective in the treatment of depression and fibromyalgia.~~[10]~~ The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved milnacipran for treatment of fibromyalgia in the United States of America in January 2009. However, it is currently not approved for depression in that country. Milnacipran has been commercially available in Europe and Asia for several years. It was first introduced in France in 1996.

'''Milnacipran''' — shown to be significantly effective in the treatment of depression and fibromyalgia. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved milnacipran for treatment of fibromyalgia in the United States of America in January 2009. However, it is currently not approved for depression in that country. Milnacipran has been commercially available in Europe and Asia for several years. It was first introduced in France in 1996.

'''Sibutramine''' — a SNRI, which, instead of being developed for the treatment of depression, was widely marketed as an appetite suppressant for weight loss purposes. Sibutramine was the first drug for the treatment of obesity to be approved in 30 years.~~[11]~~ It has been associated with increased cardiovascular events and strokes and has been withdrawn from the market in several countries and regions including the United States in 2010.~~[12]~~

'''Sibutramine''' — a SNRI, which, instead of being developed for the treatment of depression, was widely marketed as an appetite suppressant for weight loss purposes. Sibutramine was the first drug for the treatment of obesity to be approved in 30 years. It has been associated with increased cardiovascular events and strokes and has been withdrawn from the market in several countries and regions including the United States in 2010.

'''[[Tramadol]]''' — a dual weak [[opioid]] and SNRI. It was approved by the FDA in 1995, though it has been marketed in Germany since 1977. The drug is used to treat acute and chronic pain. It has shown effectiveness in the treatment of fibromyalgia, though it is not specifically approved for this purpose. The drug is also under investigation as an antidepressant and for the treatment of neuropathic pain. It is related in chemical structure to venlafaxine.

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 '''Duloxetine'''<ref>Iyengar S, Webster AA, Hemrick-Luecke SK, Xu JY, Simmons RM (November 2004). "Efficacy of duloxetine, a potent and balanced serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor in persistent pain models in rats". J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 311 (2): 576–84. PMID 15254142. doi:10.1124/jpet.104.070656.</ref> — has been approved for the treatment of [[depression]] and neuropathic pain in August 2004. Duloxetine is contraindicated in patients with heavy [[alcohol]] use or chronic liver disease, as duloxetine can increase the levels of certain liver enzymes that can lead to acute hepatitis or other diseases in certain at-risk patients. Currently, the risk of liver damage appears to be only for patients already at risk, unlike the antidepressant nefazodone, which, though rare, can spontaneously cause liver failure in healthy patients.<ref>"Nefazodone Hydrochloride Tablets. Full Prescribing Information". DailyMed. Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. North Wales, PA 19454. September 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2016.</ref> Duloxetine is also approved for major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), diabetic neuropathy, chronic musculoskeletal pain, including chronic osteoarthritis pain and chronic low back pain.<ref>"Cymbalta (duloxetine delayed-release) Capsules for Oral Use. Full Prescribing Information" (PDF). Lilly USA, LLC, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA. Retrieved 29 August 2016.</ref>
-'''Milnacipran''' — shown to be significantly effective in the treatment of depression and fibromyalgia.[10] The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved milnacipran for treatment of fibromyalgia in the United States of America in January 2009. However, it is currently not approved for depression in that country. Milnacipran has been commercially available in Europe and Asia for several years. It was first introduced in France in 1996.
+'''Milnacipran''' — shown to be significantly effective in the treatment of depression and fibromyalgia. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved milnacipran for treatment of fibromyalgia in the United States of America in January 2009. However, it is currently not approved for depression in that country. Milnacipran has been commercially available in Europe and Asia for several years. It was first introduced in France in 1996.
-'''Sibutramine''' — a SNRI, which, instead of being developed for the treatment of depression, was widely marketed as an appetite suppressant for weight loss purposes. Sibutramine was the first drug for the treatment of obesity to be approved in 30 years.[11] It has been associated with increased cardiovascular events and strokes and has been withdrawn from the market in several countries and regions including the United States in 2010.[12]
+'''Sibutramine''' — a SNRI, which, instead of being developed for the treatment of depression, was widely marketed as an appetite suppressant for weight loss purposes. Sibutramine was the first drug for the treatment of obesity to be approved in 30 years. It has been associated with increased cardiovascular events and strokes and has been withdrawn from the market in several countries and regions including the United States in 2010.
 '''[[Tramadol]]''' — a dual weak [[opioid]] and SNRI. It was approved by the FDA in 1995, though it has been marketed in Germany since 1977. The drug is used to treat acute and chronic pain. It has shown effectiveness in the treatment of fibromyalgia, though it is not specifically approved for this purpose. The drug is also under investigation as an antidepressant and for the treatment of neuropathic pain. It is related in chemical structure to venlafaxine.