This is an unofficial archive of PsychonautWiki as of 2025-08-08T03:33:20Z. Content on this page may be outdated, incomplete, or inaccurate. Please refer to the original page for the most up-to-date information.
Serotonin syndrome: Difference between revisions
>Unity Added citation flags. |
>Vikilikepsych m →Causes: The absence of the fact that Dextromethorphan can cause serotonin syndrome |
||
| Line 5: | Line 5: | ||
==Signs and symptoms== | ==Signs and symptoms== | ||
Symptom onset is usually rapid, often occurring within minutes and includes the following: | Symptom onset is usually rapid, often occurring within minutes and includes the following: | ||
*'''Cognitive:''' Headache, agitation, hypomania, confusion, anxiety, hallucinations, coma | *'''Cognitive:''' Headache, agitation, hypomania, confusion, anxiety, hallucinations, coma | ||
*'''Autonomous:''' Shivering, sweating, hyperthermia, hypertension, tachycardia, nausea, diarrhea | *'''Autonomous:''' Shivering, sweating, hyperthermia, hypertension, tachycardia, nausea, diarrhea | ||
| Line 13: | Line 14: | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
A large number of medications (either alone in high dose{{notetag|Several reports exist claiming serotonin syndrome to have been triggered by tramadol alone, at therapeutic or moderate doses.<ref name="VizcaychipiWalker2007">{{cite journal|last1=Vizcaychipi|first1=M.P.|last2=Walker|first2=S.|last3=Palazzo|first3=M.|title=Serotonin syndrome triggered by tramadol|journal=British Journal of Anaesthesia|volume=99|issue=6|year=2007|pages=919|issn=00070912|doi=10.1093/bja/aem325}}</ref><ref name="KitsonCarr2005">{{cite journal|last1=Kitson|first1=R.|last2=Carr|first2=B.|title=Tramadol and severe serotonin syndrome|journal=Anaesthesia|volume=60|issue=9|year=2005|pages=934–935|issn=0003-2409|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2044.2005.04345.x}}</ref><ref name="MousaviAminiahidashti2016">{{cite journal|last1=Mousavi|first1=SeyedJaber|last2=Aminiahidashti|first2=Hamed|last3=Shafiee|first3=Sajjad|last4=Hajiaghaei|first4=Gholamhossein|title=Tramadol Pill Alone May Cause Serotonin Syndrome|journal=Chinese Medical Journal|volume=129|issue=7|year=2016|pages=877|issn=0366-6999|doi=10.4103/0366-6999.178957}}</ref>}} or in combination) can produce serotonin syndrome. In recent years, the serotonin system has become a target of many types of drugs such as painkillers (tramadol), anti-anxiety medications (buspirone) and anti-psychotics (aripiprazole) as well as the obvious anti-depressant medications (fluoxetine). With the increasing use of serotonin receptors as targets for a wide range of medication, it is becoming harder to predict medication's pharmacological profile and whether or not it has the potential to cause serotonin syndrome. | A large number of medications (either alone in high dose{{notetag|Several reports exist claiming serotonin syndrome to have been triggered by tramadol alone, at therapeutic or moderate doses.<ref name="VizcaychipiWalker2007">{{cite journal|last1=Vizcaychipi|first1=M.P.|last2=Walker|first2=S.|last3=Palazzo|first3=M.|title=Serotonin syndrome triggered by tramadol|journal=British Journal of Anaesthesia|volume=99|issue=6|year=2007|pages=919|issn=00070912|doi=10.1093/bja/aem325}}</ref><ref name="KitsonCarr2005">{{cite journal|last1=Kitson|first1=R.|last2=Carr|first2=B.|title=Tramadol and severe serotonin syndrome|journal=Anaesthesia|volume=60|issue=9|year=2005|pages=934–935|issn=0003-2409|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2044.2005.04345.x}}</ref><ref name="MousaviAminiahidashti2016">{{cite journal|last1=Mousavi|first1=SeyedJaber|last2=Aminiahidashti|first2=Hamed|last3=Shafiee|first3=Sajjad|last4=Hajiaghaei|first4=Gholamhossein|title=Tramadol Pill Alone May Cause Serotonin Syndrome|journal=Chinese Medical Journal|volume=129|issue=7|year=2016|pages=877|issn=0366-6999|doi=10.4103/0366-6999.178957}}</ref>}} or in combination) can produce serotonin syndrome. In recent years, the serotonin system has become a target of many types of drugs such as painkillers (tramadol), anti-anxiety medications (buspirone) and anti-psychotics (aripiprazole) as well as the obvious anti-depressant medications (fluoxetine). Also a common NDMA receptor antagonist in cough syrups in the [[Morphinans]] class of drugs ([[Dextromethorphan]]) at high doses has a possibility of causing serotonin syndrome. With the increasing use of serotonin receptors as targets for a wide range of medication, it is becoming harder to predict medication's pharmacological profile and whether or not it has the potential to cause serotonin syndrome. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 40: | Line 41: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Others | |Others | ||
|[[Tryptophan]], L-Dopa, valproate, buspirone, lithium, linezolid, 5-hydroxytryptophan, chlorpheniramine, risperidone, olanzapine, ondansetron, granisetron, metoclopramide, ritonavir, [[gabapentin]], [[pregabalin]]<ref>Rao, M. L., Clarenbach, P., Vahlensieck, M., & Krätzschmar, S. (1988). Gabapentin augments whole blood serotonin in healthy young men. Journal of Neural Transmission, 73(2), 129–134. http://doi.org/10.1007/BF01243384</ref> | |[[Tryptophan]], L-Dopa, valproate, buspirone, lithium, linezolid, 5-hydroxytryptophan, chlorpheniramine, risperidone, olanzapine, ondansetron, granisetron, metoclopramide, ritonavir, [[gabapentin]], [[pregabalin]]<ref>Rao, M. L., Clarenbach, P., Vahlensieck, M., & Krätzschmar, S. (1988). Gabapentin augments whole blood serotonin in healthy young men. Journal of Neural Transmission, 73(2), 129–134. http://doi.org/10.1007/BF01243384</ref>, [[Dextromethorphan]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 48: | Line 49: | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Responsible use]] | *[[Responsible use]] | ||
*[[Serotonin]] | *[[Serotonin]] | ||
| Line 54: | Line 56: | ||
*[[MDMA]] | *[[MDMA]] | ||
== Notes == | ==Notes== | ||
{{notefoot}} | {{notefoot}} | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serotonin_syndrome Serotonin syndrome (Wikipedia)] | |||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serotonin_syndrome Serotonin syndrome (Wikipedia)] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references /> | ||
{{Template:Responsible use2}} | {{Template:Responsible use2}} | ||