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Perspective distortion: Difference between revisions
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A '''perspective distortion''' is a subtle to extreme change in how a person perceives the size and distance attributed their body, to specific parts of the external environment, or to the external environment as a whole.<ref name="LSD_AIWS">Lev-Ran, S. (2015). LSD-associated" Alice in Wonderland Syndrome"(AIWS): A Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) Case Report. The Israel journal of psychiatry and related sciences, 52(1), 67-68. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25841113</ref> | A '''perspective distortion''' is a subtle to extreme change in how a person perceives the size and distance attributed their body, to specific parts of the external environment, or to the external environment as a whole.<ref name="LSD_AIWS">Lev-Ran, S. (2015). LSD-associated" Alice in Wonderland Syndrome"(AIWS): A Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) Case Report. The Israel journal of psychiatry and related sciences, 52(1), 67-68. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25841113</ref> | ||
This effect is capable of manifesting itself in 4 different ways which may reflect the failure of each respective responsible visual function.<ref name=" | This effect is capable of manifesting itself in 4 different ways which may reflect the failure of each respective responsible visual function.<ref name="Schneck1965">{{cite journal|last1=Schneck|first1=Jerome M.|title=MACROPSIA|journal=American Journal of Psychiatry|volume=121|issue=11|year=1965|pages=1123–1124|issn=0002-953X|doi=10.1176/ajp.121.11.1123}}</ref> | ||
*'''Macropsia''' - Objects are perceived larger than their actual size.<ref>Macropsia (medical dictionary) | https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/macropsia</ref> | *'''Macropsia''' - Objects are perceived larger than their actual size.<ref>Macropsia (medical dictionary) | https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/macropsia</ref> | ||
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When affecting distance, perspective distortions can make things seem as if they are physically closer or further away than they usually would be. This can range from a subtle experience, such as the other side of the room feeling marginally further away than it usually would be, to an extreme experience, such as feeling as if the horizon is right in front of you. | When affecting distance, perspective distortions can make things seem as if they are physically closer or further away than they usually would be. This can range from a subtle experience, such as the other side of the room feeling marginally further away than it usually would be, to an extreme experience, such as feeling as if the horizon is right in front of you. | ||
When affecting size, perspective distortions can make things seem as if they are physically smaller or larger in terms of the sense of size that one would usually attribute to them.<ref>Abraham | When affecting size, perspective distortions can make things seem as if they are physically smaller or larger in terms of the sense of size that one would usually attribute to them.<ref name="Abraham1983">{{cite journal|last1=Abraham|first1=Henry David|title=Visual Phenomenology of the LSD Flashback|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=40|issue=8|year=1983|pages=884|issn=0003-990X|doi=10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790070074009}}</ref><ref name="Horowitz1969">{{cite journal|last1=Horowitz|first1=Mardi J.|title=Flashbacks: Recurrent Intrusive Images After the Use of LSD|journal=American Journal of Psychiatry|volume=126|issue=4|year=1969|pages=565–569|issn=0002-953X|doi=10.1176/ajp.126.4.565}}</ref><ref>Hamilton M (ed): Fish's Clinical Psychopathology. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co, 1974. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=gHdQTZNkA9YC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=Hamilton+M+(ed):+Fish%27s+Clinical+Psychopathology.&ots=okWOwjZJfq&sig=Y85lNwTChlGIhtdhohkn-MXSyCA#v=onepage&q=Hamilton%20M%20(ed)%3A%20Fish's%20Clinical%20Psychopathology.&f=false</ref> This can range from a subtle experience, such as the room feeling marginally smaller and more cramped than it usually would be, to an extreme experience, such as feeling as if the room is hundreds of miles wide. | ||
Perspective distortions are often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[depth perception distortions]] and [[visual disconnection]]. They are most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[dissociative]] compounds, such as [[ketamine]], [[PCP]], [[MXE]], and [[DXM]]. | Perspective distortions are often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[depth perception distortions]] and [[visual disconnection]]. They are most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[dissociative]] compounds, such as [[ketamine]], [[PCP]], [[MXE]], and [[DXM]]. | ||
====Alice in Wonderland Syndrome==== | ====Alice in Wonderland Syndrome==== | ||
[[File:Alice_par_John_Tenniel_11.png|thumbnail|300px|'''Alice''' by '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Carroll Lewis Caroll]''' - This illustration depicts a scene from Alice in Wonderland in which she has grown in size. It is an accurate representation of how it often feels to experience this effect.]] | [[File:Alice_par_John_Tenniel_11.png|thumbnail|300px|'''Alice''' by '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Carroll Lewis Caroll]''' - This illustration depicts a scene from Alice in Wonderland in which she has grown in size. It is an accurate representation of how it often feels to experience this effect.]] | ||
Feelings of suddenly having an impossibly giant or tiny body are also a very common manifestation of this effect. This feeling is already known by the scientific literature as “[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_syndrome Alice in Wonderland Syndrome]”, where it is seen as a temporary condition often associated with migraines, brain tumours, and the use of psychoactive drugs.<ref name="LSD_AIWS"/><ref>Blom | Feelings of suddenly having an impossibly giant or tiny body are also a very common manifestation of this effect. This feeling is already known by the scientific literature as “[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_syndrome Alice in Wonderland Syndrome]”, where it is seen as a temporary condition often associated with migraines, brain tumours, and the use of psychoactive drugs.<ref name="LSD_AIWS"/><ref name="Blom2016">{{cite journal|last1=Blom|first1=Jan Dirk|title=Alice in Wonderland syndrome|journal=Neurology: Clinical Practice|volume=6|issue=3|year=2016|pages=259–270|issn=2163-0402|doi=10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000251}}</ref> The effect can either be attributed to the body as a whole or specific parts of it. For example, feelings of having a huge head or tiny limbs are possible.</onlyinclude> | ||
===Psychoactive substances=== | ===Psychoactive substances=== | ||
Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include: | Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include: | ||