Ephylone: Difference between revisions

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'''N-Ethylpentylone''' (also known as '''bk-EBDP''', '''βk-EBDP''', and '''ephylone''') is a novel [[Psychoactive class::stimulant]]-[[Psychoactive class::entactogen]] substance of the [[chemical class::cathinone]] class. Ephylone is chemically related to [[pentylone]] and belongs to a group of compounds known as the [[substituted cathinones]]. Little is known about its pharmacology, although it likely produces its effects by increasing levels of [[serotonin]], [[dopamine]], and [[norepinephrine]] in the brain.<ref name="Wood">Wood, M. R., Bernal, I., & Lalancette, R. A. (2017). The hydrochloride hydrates of pentylone and dibutylone and the hydrochloride salt of ephylone: the structures of three novel designer cathinones. Structural Chemistry, 28(5), 1369-1376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11224-017-0951-x</ref>

Ephylone was developed in the 1960s by Boehringer Ingelheim as a central nervous system stimulant,<ref name="Wood" /> although it never became marketed. Reports of recreational use first appeared in late 2015. Since then, its prevalence has steadily risen, particularly at dance music festivals as an adulterant or counterfeit for [[MDMA]].<ref name="Wood" /> Ephylone has been linked to numerous hospitalizations and overdose deaths.<ref>Krotulski, A. J., Papsun, D. M., De Martinis, B. S., Mohr, A. L., & Logan, B. K. (2018). N-Ethyl Pentylone (Ephylone) Intoxications: Quantitative Confirmation and Metabolite Identification in Authentic Human Biological Specimens. Journal of Analytical Toxicology. https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bky025</ref>

Ephylone was developed in the 1960s by Boehringer Ingelheim as a central nervous system stimulant,<ref name="Wood" /> although it never became marketed. Reports of recreational use first appeared in late 2015. Since then, its prevalence has steadily risen, particularly at dance music festivals where it appears as an adulterant or counterfeit for [[MDMA]].<ref name="Wood" /> Ephylone has been linked to numerous hospitalizations and overdose deaths.<ref>Krotulski, A. J., Papsun, D. M., De Martinis, B. S., Mohr, A. L., & Logan, B. K. (2018). N-Ethyl Pentylone (Ephylone) Intoxications: Quantitative Confirmation and Metabolite Identification in Authentic Human Biological Specimens. Journal of Analytical Toxicology. https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bky025</ref>

User reports indicate that ephylone produces a mixture of classic [[stimulant]] and [[entactogen|entactogenic]] effects resembling those of [[MDMA]], [[methylone]] and [[cocaine]]. Commonly reported effects include [[stimulation]], [[disinhibition]], [[increased libido]], [[compulsive redosing]], and [[euphoria]]. Unlike similar substances, however, it is reported to be very long lasting when taken in larger doses. The significance of this is not known, although it may indicate that it has a different toxicity profile compared to other stimulants.

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 '''N-Ethylpentylone''' (also known as '''bk-EBDP''', '''βk-EBDP''', and '''ephylone''') is a novel [[Psychoactive class::stimulant]]-[[Psychoactive class::entactogen]] substance of the [[chemical class::cathinone]] class. Ephylone is chemically related to [[pentylone]] and belongs to a group of compounds known as the [[substituted cathinones]]. Little is known about its pharmacology, although it likely produces its effects by increasing levels of [[serotonin]], [[dopamine]], and [[norepinephrine]] in the brain.<ref name="Wood">Wood, M. R., Bernal, I., & Lalancette, R. A. (2017). The hydrochloride hydrates of pentylone and dibutylone and the hydrochloride salt of ephylone: the structures of three novel designer cathinones. Structural Chemistry, 28(5), 1369-1376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11224-017-0951-x</ref>
-Ephylone was developed in the 1960s by Boehringer Ingelheim as a central nervous system stimulant,<ref name="Wood" /> although it never became marketed. Reports of recreational use first appeared in late 2015. Since then, its prevalence has steadily risen, particularly at dance music festivals as an adulterant or counterfeit for [[MDMA]].<ref name="Wood" /> Ephylone has been linked to numerous hospitalizations and overdose deaths.<ref>Krotulski, A. J., Papsun, D. M., De Martinis, B. S., Mohr, A. L., & Logan, B. K. (2018). N-Ethyl Pentylone (Ephylone) Intoxications: Quantitative Confirmation and Metabolite Identification in Authentic Human Biological Specimens. Journal of Analytical Toxicology. https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bky025</ref>
+Ephylone was developed in the 1960s by Boehringer Ingelheim as a central nervous system stimulant,<ref name="Wood" /> although it never became marketed. Reports of recreational use first appeared in late 2015. Since then, its prevalence has steadily risen, particularly at dance music festivals where it appears as an adulterant or counterfeit for [[MDMA]].<ref name="Wood" /> Ephylone has been linked to numerous hospitalizations and overdose deaths.<ref>Krotulski, A. J., Papsun, D. M., De Martinis, B. S., Mohr, A. L., & Logan, B. K. (2018). N-Ethyl Pentylone (Ephylone) Intoxications: Quantitative Confirmation and Metabolite Identification in Authentic Human Biological Specimens. Journal of Analytical Toxicology. https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bky025</ref>
 User reports indicate that ephylone produces a mixture of classic [[stimulant]] and [[entactogen|entactogenic]] effects resembling those of [[MDMA]], [[methylone]] and [[cocaine]]. Commonly reported effects include [[stimulation]], [[disinhibition]], [[increased libido]], [[compulsive redosing]], and [[euphoria]]. Unlike similar substances, however, it is reported to be very long lasting when taken in larger doses. The significance of this is not known, although it may indicate that it has a different toxicity profile compared to other stimulants.