Perspective distortion: Difference between revisions

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A '''perspective distortion''' can be described as subtle to extreme changes in how one perceives the size and distance attributed to a person’s body, to specific parts of the external environment, or to the external environment as a whole.<ref name="LSD_AIWS">Lev-Ran, S. (2015). LSD-associated" Alice in Wonderland Syndrome"(AIWS): A Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) Case Report. The Israel journal of psychiatry and related sciences, 52(1), 67-68. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25841113</ref>

This effect is capable of manifesting itself in 4 different ways which may reflect the failure of each respective responsible visual function.<ref name="LSD_AIWS"/><ref name="JapMacroMicro">Abe K, Oda N, Araki R, Igata M. Macropsia, micropsia, and episodic illusions in Japanese adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1989; 28:493-496. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-198907000-00004</ref><ref name="Schneck">Schneck JM. Macropsia. Am J Psychiatry 1965; 121:1123-1124. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.121.11.1123</ref>

This effect is capable of manifesting itself in 4 different ways which may reflect the failure of each respective responsible visual function.<ref name="Schneck">Schneck JM. Macropsia. Am J Psychiatry 1965; 121:1123-1124. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.121.11.1123</ref>

*'''Macropsia''' - Objects are perceived larger than their actual size.

*'''Macropsia''' - Objects are perceived larger than their actual size.<ref>Macropsia (medical dictionary) | https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/macropsia</ref>

*'''Micropsia''' - Objects are perceived smaller than their actual size.

*'''Micropsia''' - Objects are perceived smaller than their actual size.<ref>Micropsia (medical dictionary) https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/micropsia</ref>

*'''Pelopsia''' - Objects are perceived nearer than they actually are.

*'''Pelopsia''' - Objects are perceived nearer than they actually are.<ref>Pelopsia (medical dictionary) | http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pelopsia</ref>

*'''Teleopsia''' - Objects are perceived much further away than they actually are.

*'''Teleopsia''' - Objects are perceived much further away than they actually are.<ref>Telopsia (medical dictionary) | https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/teleopsia</ref>

When affecting distance, perspective distortions can make things seem as if they are physically closer or further away than they usually would be. This can range from a subtle experience, such as the other side of the room feeling marginally further away than it usually would be, to an extreme experience, such as feeling as if the horizon is right in front of you.

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 A '''perspective distortion''' can be described as subtle to extreme changes in how one perceives the size and distance attributed to a person’s body, to specific parts of the external environment, or to the external environment as a whole.<ref name="LSD_AIWS">Lev-Ran, S. (2015). LSD-associated" Alice in Wonderland Syndrome"(AIWS): A Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) Case Report. The Israel journal of psychiatry and related sciences, 52(1), 67-68. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25841113</ref>
-This effect is capable of manifesting itself in 4 different ways which may reflect the failure of each respective responsible visual function.<ref name="LSD_AIWS"/><ref name="JapMacroMicro">Abe K, Oda N, Araki R, Igata M. Macropsia, micropsia, and episodic illusions in Japanese adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1989; 28:493-496. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-198907000-00004</ref><ref name="Schneck">Schneck JM. Macropsia. Am J Psychiatry 1965; 121:1123-1124. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.121.11.1123</ref>
+This effect is capable of manifesting itself in 4 different ways which may reflect the failure of each respective responsible visual function.<ref name="Schneck">Schneck JM. Macropsia. Am J Psychiatry 1965; 121:1123-1124. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.121.11.1123</ref>
-*'''Macropsia''' - Objects are perceived larger than their actual size.
+*'''Macropsia''' - Objects are perceived larger than their actual size.<ref>Macropsia (medical dictionary) | https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/macropsia</ref>
-*'''Micropsia''' - Objects are perceived smaller than their actual size.
+*'''Micropsia''' - Objects are perceived smaller than their actual size.<ref>Micropsia (medical dictionary) https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/micropsia</ref>
-*'''Pelopsia''' - Objects are perceived nearer than they actually are.
+*'''Pelopsia''' - Objects are perceived nearer than they actually are.<ref>Pelopsia (medical dictionary) | http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pelopsia</ref>
-*'''Teleopsia''' - Objects are perceived much further away than they actually are.
+*'''Teleopsia''' - Objects are perceived much further away than they actually are.<ref>Telopsia (medical dictionary) | https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/teleopsia</ref>
 When affecting distance, perspective distortions can make things seem as if they are physically closer or further away than they usually would be. This can range from a subtle experience, such as the other side of the room feeling marginally further away than it usually would be, to an extreme experience, such as feeling as if the horizon is right in front of you.