Perspective hallucination: Difference between revisions

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<onlyinclude>'''Perspective hallucinations''' can be described as an alteration of the perspective through which a given [[internal hallucination|internal]] or [[external hallucination]] is seen through.<ref name="Dillon2003">Dillon, P., Copeland, J., & Jansen, K. (2003). Patterns of use and harms associated with non-medical ketamine use. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 69(1), 23-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-8716(02)00243-0</ref><ref name="~~Obreshkova2017~~">Obreshkova, D., Kandilarov, I., Angelova, V. T., Iliev, Y., Atanasov, P., & Fotev, P. S. (2017). PHARMACO-TOXICOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND ANALYSIS OF PHENYLALKYLAMINE AND INDOLYLALKYLAMINE HALLUCINOGENS. PHARMACIA, 64(1), 41-42. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Violina_Angelova2/publication/317528151_Pharmaco-toxicological_aspects_and_analysis_of_phenylalkylamine_and_indolylallkylamine_hallucinogens_Review/links/593d59f50f7e9b3317a45adf/Pharmaco-toxicological-aspects-and-analysis-of-phenylalkylamine-and-indolylallkylamine-hallucinogens-Review.pdf</ref><ref name="Jansen1990">Jansen, K. L. R. (1990). Neuroscience and the near-death experience: roles for the NMSA-PCP receptor, the sigma receptor and the endopsychosins. Medical Hypotheses, 31(1), 25-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-9877(90)90048-J</ref><ref name="Rumpf1969">Rumpf K, Pedeck J, Teuteberg H. Munchhoff W. Nolte H. Dream-like experiences during brief anaesthesia with ketamine. thiopental and propanidid. p 161 in Ketamine (H Kreuscher. ed.) Springer-Verlag. Berlin, 1969.</ref><ref name="Siegel1978">Siegel R K. Phencyclidine and ketamine intoxication: a study of recreational users. p 119 in Phencyclidine Abuse: An Appraisal (R C Peterson. R C Stillman. eds.). National Institute on Drug Abuse Research Monograph 21. NIDA. Rockville. Maryland, 1978.</ref>

<onlyinclude>'''Perspective hallucinations''' can be described as an alteration of the perspective through which a given [[internal hallucination|internal]] or [[external hallucination]] is seen through.<ref name="Dillon2003">Dillon, P., Copeland, J., & Jansen, K. (2003). Patterns of use and harms associated with non-medical ketamine use. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 69(1), 23-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-8716(02)00243-0</ref><ref name="Obreshkova20172">Obreshkova, D., Kandilarov, I., Angelova, V. T., Iliev, Y., Atanasov, P., & Fotev, P. S. (2017). PHARMACO-TOXICOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND ANALYSIS OF PHENYLALKYLAMINE AND INDOLYLALKYLAMINE HALLUCINOGENS. PHARMACIA, 64(1), 41-42. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Violina_Angelova2/publication/317528151_Pharmaco-toxicological_aspects_and_analysis_of_phenylalkylamine_and_indolylallkylamine_hallucinogens_Review/links/593d59f50f7e9b3317a45adf/Pharmaco-toxicological-aspects-and-analysis-of-phenylalkylamine-and-indolylallkylamine-hallucinogens-Review.pdf</ref><ref name="Jansen1990">Jansen, K. L. R. (1990). Neuroscience and the near-death experience: roles for the NMSA-PCP receptor, the sigma receptor and the endopsychosins. Medical Hypotheses, 31(1), 25-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-9877(90)90048-J</ref><ref name="Rumpf1969">Rumpf K, Pedeck J, Teuteberg H. Munchhoff W. Nolte H. Dream-like experiences during brief anaesthesia with ketamine. thiopental and propanidid. p 161 in Ketamine (H Kreuscher. ed.) Springer-Verlag. Berlin, 1969.</ref><ref name="Siegel1978">Siegel R K. Phencyclidine and ketamine intoxication: a study of recreational users. p 119 in Phencyclidine Abuse: An Appraisal (R C Peterson. R C Stillman. eds.). National Institute on Drug Abuse Research Monograph 21. NIDA. Rockville. Maryland, 1978.</ref>

This effect is capable of manifesting itself across the four different perspectives described below:

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*'''1st person''' - The most common form of perspective can be described as the normal experience of perceiving a hallucination from the person's everyday self and body.

*'''2nd person''' - This perspective can be described as the experience of perceiving a hallucination from the viewpoint of an external source of consciousness, such as another person, an animal, or an inanimate object.

*'''3rd person''' - This perspective can be described as an out-of-body experience<ref name="Dillon2003"/><ref name="~~Obreshkova2017~~"/><ref name="Jansen1990"/><ref name="Rumpf1969"/><ref name="Siegel1978"/><ref>Wilkins, L. K., Girard, T. A., & Cheyne, J. A. (2011). Ketamine as a primary predictor of out-of-body experiences associated with multiple substance use. Consciousness and cognition, 20(3), 943-950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2011.01.005</ref><ref>Przyby, A. (n.d.). A Philosophical Journey into the Heart of the Psychedelic Dream. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago. Retrieved February 24, 2018, from http://midwayreview.uchicago.edu/a/8/3/przybyl/przybyl.pdf</ref> where a person's viewpoint is floating above, below, behind, or in front of their physical body.

*'''3rd person''' - This perspective can be described as an out-of-body experience<ref name="Dillon2003"/><ref name="Obreshkova20172"/><ref name="Jansen1990"/><ref name="Rumpf1969"/><ref name="Siegel1978"/><ref>Wilkins, L. K., Girard, T. A., & Cheyne, J. A. (2011). Ketamine as a primary predictor of out-of-body experiences associated with multiple substance use. Consciousness and cognition, 20(3), 943-950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2011.01.005</ref><ref>Przyby, A. (n.d.). A Philosophical Journey into the Heart of the Psychedelic Dream. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago. Retrieved February 24, 2018, from http://midwayreview.uchicago.edu/a/8/3/przybyl/przybyl.pdf</ref> where a person's viewpoint is floating above, below, behind, or in front of their physical body.

*'''4th person''' - The least common form of perspective can be described as the experience of perceiving a hallucination from multiple or even seemingly infinite viewpoints and angles simultaneously.

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-<onlyinclude>'''Perspective hallucinations''' can be described as an alteration of the perspective through which a given [[internal hallucination|internal]] or [[external hallucination]] is seen through.<ref name="Dillon2003">Dillon, P., Copeland, J., & Jansen, K. (2003). Patterns of use and harms associated with non-medical ketamine use. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 69(1), 23-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-8716(02)00243-0</ref><ref name="Obreshkova2017">Obreshkova, D., Kandilarov, I., Angelova, V. T., Iliev, Y., Atanasov, P., & Fotev, P. S. (2017). PHARMACO-TOXICOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND ANALYSIS OF PHENYLALKYLAMINE AND INDOLYLALKYLAMINE HALLUCINOGENS. PHARMACIA, 64(1), 41-42. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Violina_Angelova2/publication/317528151_Pharmaco-toxicological_aspects_and_analysis_of_phenylalkylamine_and_indolylallkylamine_hallucinogens_Review/links/593d59f50f7e9b3317a45adf/Pharmaco-toxicological-aspects-and-analysis-of-phenylalkylamine-and-indolylallkylamine-hallucinogens-Review.pdf</ref><ref name="Jansen1990">Jansen, K. L. R. (1990). Neuroscience and the near-death experience: roles for the NMSA-PCP receptor, the sigma receptor and the endopsychosins. Medical Hypotheses, 31(1), 25-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-9877(90)90048-J</ref><ref name="Rumpf1969">Rumpf K, Pedeck J, Teuteberg H. Munchhoff W. Nolte H. Dream-like experiences during brief anaesthesia with ketamine. thiopental and propanidid. p 161 in Ketamine (H Kreuscher. ed.) Springer-Verlag. Berlin, 1969.</ref><ref name="Siegel1978">Siegel R K. Phencyclidine and ketamine intoxication: a study of recreational users. p 119 in Phencyclidine Abuse: An Appraisal (R C Peterson. R C Stillman. eds.). National Institute on Drug Abuse Research Monograph 21. NIDA. Rockville. Maryland, 1978.</ref>
+<onlyinclude>'''Perspective hallucinations''' can be described as an alteration of the perspective through which a given [[internal hallucination|internal]] or [[external hallucination]] is seen through.<ref name="Dillon2003">Dillon, P., Copeland, J., & Jansen, K. (2003). Patterns of use and harms associated with non-medical ketamine use. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 69(1), 23-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-8716(02)00243-0</ref><ref name="Obreshkova20172">Obreshkova, D., Kandilarov, I., Angelova, V. T., Iliev, Y., Atanasov, P., & Fotev, P. S. (2017). PHARMACO-TOXICOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND ANALYSIS OF PHENYLALKYLAMINE AND INDOLYLALKYLAMINE HALLUCINOGENS. PHARMACIA, 64(1), 41-42. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Violina_Angelova2/publication/317528151_Pharmaco-toxicological_aspects_and_analysis_of_phenylalkylamine_and_indolylallkylamine_hallucinogens_Review/links/593d59f50f7e9b3317a45adf/Pharmaco-toxicological-aspects-and-analysis-of-phenylalkylamine-and-indolylallkylamine-hallucinogens-Review.pdf</ref><ref name="Jansen1990">Jansen, K. L. R. (1990). Neuroscience and the near-death experience: roles for the NMSA-PCP receptor, the sigma receptor and the endopsychosins. Medical Hypotheses, 31(1), 25-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-9877(90)90048-J</ref><ref name="Rumpf1969">Rumpf K, Pedeck J, Teuteberg H. Munchhoff W. Nolte H. Dream-like experiences during brief anaesthesia with ketamine. thiopental and propanidid. p 161 in Ketamine (H Kreuscher. ed.) Springer-Verlag. Berlin, 1969.</ref><ref name="Siegel1978">Siegel R K. Phencyclidine and ketamine intoxication: a study of recreational users. p 119 in Phencyclidine Abuse: An Appraisal (R C Peterson. R C Stillman. eds.). National Institute on Drug Abuse Research Monograph 21. NIDA. Rockville. Maryland, 1978.</ref>
 This effect is capable of manifesting itself across the four different perspectives described below:
@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 *'''1st person''' - The most common form of perspective can be described as the normal experience of perceiving a hallucination from the person's everyday self and body.
 *'''2nd person''' - This perspective can be described as the experience of perceiving a hallucination from the viewpoint of an external source of consciousness, such as another person, an animal, or an inanimate object.
-*'''3rd person''' - This perspective can be described as an out-of-body experience<ref name="Dillon2003"/><ref name="Obreshkova2017"/><ref name="Jansen1990"/><ref name="Rumpf1969"/><ref name="Siegel1978"/><ref>Wilkins, L. K., Girard, T. A., & Cheyne, J. A. (2011). Ketamine as a primary predictor of out-of-body experiences associated with multiple substance use. Consciousness and cognition, 20(3), 943-950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2011.01.005</ref><ref>Przyby, A. (n.d.). A Philosophical Journey into the Heart of the Psychedelic Dream. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago. Retrieved February 24, 2018, from http://midwayreview.uchicago.edu/a/8/3/przybyl/przybyl.pdf</ref> where a person's viewpoint is floating above, below, behind, or in front of their physical body.
+*'''3rd person''' - This perspective can be described as an out-of-body experience<ref name="Dillon2003"/><ref name="Obreshkova20172"/><ref name="Jansen1990"/><ref name="Rumpf1969"/><ref name="Siegel1978"/><ref>Wilkins, L. K., Girard, T. A., & Cheyne, J. A. (2011). Ketamine as a primary predictor of out-of-body experiences associated with multiple substance use. Consciousness and cognition, 20(3), 943-950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2011.01.005</ref><ref>Przyby, A. (n.d.). A Philosophical Journey into the Heart of the Psychedelic Dream. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago. Retrieved February 24, 2018, from http://midwayreview.uchicago.edu/a/8/3/przybyl/przybyl.pdf</ref> where a person's viewpoint is floating above, below, behind, or in front of their physical body.
 *'''4th person''' - The least common form of perspective can be described as the experience of perceiving a hallucination from multiple or even seemingly infinite viewpoints and angles simultaneously.