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Talk:4-CA: Difference between revisions
>LockPicker Physical effects |
>LockPicker Physical effects |
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==History and culture== | ==History and culture== | ||
{{historyStub}} | {{historyStub}} | ||
In 1963, the effects of [[4-CMA]] were described by the Swiss researchers Pletscher, Burkard, Bruderer and Gey.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Pletscher|first1=A.|last2=Burkard|first2=W.P.|last3=Bruderer|first3=H.|last4=Gey|first4=K.F.|date=1963|title=Decrease of cerebral 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid by an arylalkylamine|journal=Life Sciences|volume=2|issue=11|pages=828-833|doi=10.1016/0024-3205(63)90094-8|issn=0024-3205}}</ref> Because of their results, several other chlorinated analogs of [[amphetamine]], including 4-CA had been synthesized by the American pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly and Company. They were evaluated as [[Appetite_suppression|appetite suppressants]].<ref name="Fuller1992">{{cite journal|last1=Fuller|first1=Ray W.|date=1992|title=Effects of ''p''-chloroamphetamine on brain serotonin neurons|journal=Neurochemical Research|volume=17|issue=5|pages=449–456|doi=10.1007/BF00969891|issn=1573-6903}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Owen Jr.|first1=John E.|date=1963|title=Psychopharmacological Studies of Some 1-(Chlorophenyl)-2-aminopropanes I: Effects on Appetitive-Controlled Behavior|journal=Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences|volume=52|issue=7|pages=679-683|doi=10.1002/jps.2600520716|issn=0022-3549}}</ref> U.S. American biochemist Ray W. Fuller and collegues resynthesized these compounds and found that 4-CA was the most potent [[serotonin]] depletor.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Fuller|first1=Ray W.|last2=Hines|first2=C.W.|last3=Mills|first3=J.|date=1965|title=Lowering of brain serotonin level by chloramphetamines|journal=Biochemical Pharmacology|volume=14|issue=4|pages=483-488|doi=10.1016/0006-2952(65)90221-2|issn=0006-2952}}</ref> Van Praag and others conducted comprehensive clinical study on humans in 1971, and it has been found to have a potent [[antidepressant]] effect.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=van Praag|first1=H.M.|last2=Schut|first2=T.|last3=Bosma|first3=E.|last4=van den Bergh|first4=R.|date=1971|title=A comparative study of the therapeutic effects of some 4-chlorinated amphetamine derivatives in depressive patients|journal=Psychopharmacologia|volume=20|issue=1|pages=66–76|doi=10.1007/BF00404060|issn=1432-2072}}</ref><ref name="Shulgin1978"></ref> In 1972, Sanders-Bush, Bushing and Sulser from Vanderbilt University first described a decrease in tryptophane hydroxylase activity.<ref name="Shulgin1978">{{cite book|last=Shulgin|first=Alexander T.|editor1-last=Iversen|editor1-first=Leslie L.|editor2-last=Iversen|editor2-first=Susan D.|editor3-last=Snyder|editor3-first=Solomon H.|date=1978|title=Handbook of Psychopharmacology|volume=Volume 11: Stimulants|url=https://www.erowid.org/archive/rhodium/chemistry/shulgin.pea.sar.hop.html#35|chapter=Chapter 6 |location=New York|publisher=Plenum Press,|page=313 et seq.|isbn=978-1-4757-0512-6|author-link=Alexander Shulgin}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sanders-Bush|first1=E.|last2=Bushing|first2=J.A.|last3=Sulser|first3=F.|date=1972|title=p-Chloroamphetamine—inhibition of cerebral tryptophan hydroxylase|journal=Biochemical Pharmacology|volume=21|issue=10|pages=1501-1510|doi=10.1016/0006-2952(72)90375-9|issn=0006-2952}}</ref> 4-CA became a common tool for selective modification of the serotonergic function<ref name="Fuller1992"></ref> Yunger, McMaster, and Harvey described the related neurotoxicity in 1974.<ref name="Shulgin1978"></ref> | In 1963, the effects of [[4-CMA]] were described by the Swiss researchers Pletscher, Burkard, Bruderer and Gey.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Pletscher|first1=A.|last2=Burkard|first2=W.P.|last3=Bruderer|first3=H.|last4=Gey|first4=K.F.|date=1963|title=Decrease of cerebral 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid by an arylalkylamine|journal=Life Sciences|volume=2|issue=11|pages=828-833|doi=10.1016/0024-3205(63)90094-8|issn=0024-3205}}</ref> Because of their results, several other chlorinated analogs of [[amphetamine]], including 4-CA had been synthesized by the American pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly and Company. They were evaluated as [[Appetite_suppression|appetite suppressants]].<ref name="Fuller1992">{{cite journal|last1=Fuller|first1=Ray W.|date=1992|title=Effects of ''p''-chloroamphetamine on brain serotonin neurons|journal=Neurochemical Research|volume=17|issue=5|pages=449–456|doi=10.1007/BF00969891|issn=1573-6903}}</ref><ref name="OwenJr1963>{{cite journal|last1=Owen Jr.|first1=John E.|date=1963|title=Psychopharmacological Studies of Some 1-(Chlorophenyl)-2-aminopropanes I: Effects on Appetitive-Controlled Behavior|journal=Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences|volume=52|issue=7|pages=679-683|doi=10.1002/jps.2600520716|issn=0022-3549}}</ref> U.S. American biochemist Ray W. Fuller and collegues resynthesized these compounds and found that 4-CA was the most potent [[serotonin]] depletor.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Fuller|first1=Ray W.|last2=Hines|first2=C.W.|last3=Mills|first3=J.|date=1965|title=Lowering of brain serotonin level by chloramphetamines|journal=Biochemical Pharmacology|volume=14|issue=4|pages=483-488|doi=10.1016/0006-2952(65)90221-2|issn=0006-2952}}</ref> Van Praag and others conducted comprehensive clinical study on humans in 1971, and it has been found to have a potent [[antidepressant]] effect.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=van Praag|first1=H.M.|last2=Schut|first2=T.|last3=Bosma|first3=E.|last4=van den Bergh|first4=R.|date=1971|title=A comparative study of the therapeutic effects of some 4-chlorinated amphetamine derivatives in depressive patients|journal=Psychopharmacologia|volume=20|issue=1|pages=66–76|doi=10.1007/BF00404060|issn=1432-2072}}</ref><ref name="Shulgin1978"></ref> In 1972, Sanders-Bush, Bushing and Sulser from Vanderbilt University first described a decrease in tryptophane hydroxylase activity.<ref name="Shulgin1978">{{cite book|last=Shulgin|first=Alexander T.|editor1-last=Iversen|editor1-first=Leslie L.|editor2-last=Iversen|editor2-first=Susan D.|editor3-last=Snyder|editor3-first=Solomon H.|date=1978|title=Handbook of Psychopharmacology|volume=Volume 11: Stimulants|url=https://www.erowid.org/archive/rhodium/chemistry/shulgin.pea.sar.hop.html#35|chapter=Chapter 6 |location=New York|publisher=Plenum Press,|page=313 et seq.|isbn=978-1-4757-0512-6|author-link=Alexander Shulgin}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sanders-Bush|first1=E.|last2=Bushing|first2=J.A.|last3=Sulser|first3=F.|date=1972|title=p-Chloroamphetamine—inhibition of cerebral tryptophan hydroxylase|journal=Biochemical Pharmacology|volume=21|issue=10|pages=1501-1510|doi=10.1016/0006-2952(72)90375-9|issn=0006-2952}}</ref> 4-CA became a common tool for selective modification of the serotonergic function<ref name="Fuller1992"></ref> Yunger, McMaster, and Harvey described the related neurotoxicity in 1974.<ref name="Shulgin1978"></ref> | ||
==Chemistry== | ==Chemistry== | ||
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You may select physical effects to add below [[Subjective effect index#Physical effects|here]]. | You may select physical effects to add below [[Subjective effect index#Physical effects|here]]. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Abnormal heartbeat]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Abnormal heartbeat]]'''<ref name="SteinWaynerKantak1981>{{cite journal|last1=Stein|first1=J.M.|last2=Wayner|first2=M.J.|last3=Kantak|first3=K.M.|date=1981|title=Increased urination following p-chloroamphetamine|journal=Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior|volume=15|issue=2|pages=297-301|doi=10.1016/0091-3057(81)90191-X|issn=0091-3057}}</ref> | ||
*'''[[Effect::Appetite suppression]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Appetite suppression]]'''<ref name="OwenJr1963></ref><ref name="SteinWaynerKantakCook1978>{{cite journal|last1=Stein|first1=J.M.|last2=Wayner|first2=M.J.|last3=Kantak|first3=K.M.|last4=Cook|first4=R.C.|date=1978|title=Short- and long-term effects of para-chloroamphetamine on ingestive behavior|journal=Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior|volume=9|issue=1|pages=115-122|doi=10.1016/0091-3057(78)90021-7|issn=0091-3057}}</ref> | ||
*'''[[Effect::Dehydration]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Decreased blood pressure]]'''<ref name="SteinWaynerKantak1981></ref> | ||
*'''[[Effect::Decreased heart rate]]'''<ref name="SteinWaynerKantak1981></ref> | |||
*'''[[Effect::Dehydration]]'''<ref name="SteinWaynerKantakCook1978></ref> | |||
*'''[[Effect::Difficulty urinating]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Difficulty urinating]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Dry mouth]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Dry mouth]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Increased blood pressure]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Frequent urination]]'''<ref name="SteinWaynerKantak1981></ref> | ||
*'''[[Effect::Increased bodily temperature]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Increased blood pressure]]'''<ref name="SteinWaynerKantak1981></ref> | ||
*'''[[Effect::Increased bodily temperature]]'''<ref name="QuockWeick1979">{{cite journal|last1=Quock|first1=Raymond M.|last2=Weick|first2=Barton G.|date=1979|title=p‐Chloroamphetamine‐induced hyperthermia pharmacologically distinct from fenfluramine‐induced hyperthermia|journal=Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology|volume=31|issue=1|pages=27-32|doi=10.1111/j.2042-7158.1979.tb13416.x|issn=0022-3573}}</ref> | |||
*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Increased perspiration]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Increased perspiration]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Increased salivation]]'''<ref name="SteinWaynerKantak1981></ref> | |||
*'''[[Effect::Orgasm suppression]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Orgasm suppression]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Pupil dilation]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Pupil dilation]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]'''<ref name="SteinWaynerKantak1981></ref> | ||
*'''[[Effect::Teeth grinding]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Teeth grinding]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Temperature regulation suppression]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Temperature regulation suppression]]''' | ||