5F-AKB48: Difference between revisions

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'''5F-AKB48''' (also known as '''5F-APINACA''') is a synthetic designer [[~~chemical class::~~cannabinoid]] that acts as a potent [[agonist]] for the CB1 and CB2 [[cannabinoid]] [[receptor]]s<ref>AKB48 (APINACA) and 5F-AKB48 (5F-APINACA)

'''5F-AKB48''' (also known as '''5F-APINACA''') is a synthetic designer [[cannabinoid]] that acts as a potent [[agonist]] for the CB1 and CB2 [[cannabinoid]] [[receptor]]s<ref>AKB48 (APINACA) and 5F-AKB48 (5F-APINACA)

| http://deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drug_chem_info/spice/akb48.pdf</ref>. It produces subjective effects somewhat similar to that of [[cannabis]] with a short duration and an emphasis on intense physical sensations. Its metabolism has been described in the scientific literature.<ref>Simultaneous quantification of 37 [[synthetic cannabinoid]] metabolites in human urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11419-015-0265-x</ref><ref>Concentrations of APINACA, 5F-APINACA, UR-144 and its degradant product in blood samples from six impaired drivers compared to previous reported concentrations of other [[synthetic cannabinoids]] (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25485949</ref><ref>Metabolites of 5F-AKB48, a [[synthetic cannabinoid]] receptor agonist, identified in human urine and liver microsomal preparations using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24802286</ref><ref>Pentylindole/Pentylindazole Synthetic Cannabinoids and Their 5-Fluoro Analogs Produce Different Primary Metabolites: Metabolite Profiling for AB-PINACA and 5F-AB-PINACA (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25721194</ref> It was first identified in South Korea<ref>Synthetic cannabinoids abused in South Korea: drug identifications by the National Forensic Service from 2009 to June 2013 | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11419-013-0213-6</ref> and is available for sale as a grey area [[research chemical]] through online vendors.

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Unlike [[cannabis]], the chronic abuse of [[synthetic cannabinoids]] has been [[Synthetic_cannabinoid#Deaths|associated with multiple serious injuries deaths]] and [[Synthetic cannabinoid#Harm potential|more dangerous side effects and toxicity]] in general. Therefore, it is strongly discouraged to take this substance for extended periods of time or in excessive doses.

==Chemistry==

5F-AKB48, or N-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide, is a synthetic [[Chemical class::~~indazole cannabinoid~~]] as it contains a substituted indazole group. This indazole moeity is substituted at R1 with a fluoropentyl chain, a substitution shared with [[5F-PB-22]]. Additionally, the indazole is substituted at R3 with a carboxamide group. This carboxamide group is N-substituted at its terminal amine group with an [[adamantane]] group. This group consists of four fused cyclohexane rings in a unique structure called a diamondoid. 5F-AKB48 is an analog of [[STS-135]] in which the core indole structure is substituted with an indazole base.

5F-AKB48, or N-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide, is a synthetic [[Chemical class::indazolecarboxamide]] as it contains a substituted indazole group. This indazole moeity is substituted at R1 with a fluoropentyl chain, a substitution shared with [[5F-PB-22]]. Additionally, the indazole is substituted at R3 with a carboxamide group. This carboxamide group is N-substituted at its terminal amine group with an [[adamantane]] group. This group consists of four fused cyclohexane rings in a unique structure called a diamondoid. 5F-AKB48 is an analog of [[STS-135]] in which the core indole structure is substituted with an indazole base.

==Pharmacology==

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 {{SubstanceBox/5F-AKB48}}
-'''5F-AKB48''' (also known as '''5F-APINACA''') is a synthetic designer [[chemical class::cannabinoid]] that acts as a potent [[agonist]] for the CB1 and CB2 [[cannabinoid]] [[receptor]]s<ref>AKB48 (APINACA) and 5F-AKB48 (5F-APINACA)
+'''5F-AKB48''' (also known as '''5F-APINACA''') is a synthetic designer [[cannabinoid]] that acts as a potent [[agonist]] for the CB1 and CB2 [[cannabinoid]] [[receptor]]s<ref>AKB48 (APINACA) and 5F-AKB48 (5F-APINACA)
   | http://deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drug_chem_info/spice/akb48.pdf</ref>. It produces subjective effects somewhat similar to that of [[cannabis]] with a short duration and an emphasis on intense physical sensations. Its metabolism has been described in the scientific literature.<ref>Simultaneous quantification of 37 [[synthetic cannabinoid]] metabolites in human urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11419-015-0265-x</ref><ref>Concentrations of APINACA, 5F-APINACA, UR-144 and its degradant product in blood samples from six impaired drivers compared to previous reported concentrations of other [[synthetic cannabinoids]] (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25485949</ref><ref>Metabolites of 5F-AKB48, a [[synthetic cannabinoid]] receptor agonist, identified in human urine and liver microsomal preparations using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24802286</ref><ref>Pentylindole/Pentylindazole Synthetic Cannabinoids and Their 5-Fluoro Analogs Produce Different Primary Metabolites: Metabolite Profiling for AB-PINACA and 5F-AB-PINACA (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25721194</ref> It was first identified in South Korea<ref>Synthetic cannabinoids abused in South Korea: drug identifications by the National Forensic Service from 2009 to June 2013 | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11419-013-0213-6</ref> and is available for sale as a grey area [[research chemical]] through online vendors.
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 Unlike [[cannabis]], the chronic abuse of [[synthetic cannabinoids]] has been [[Synthetic_cannabinoid#Deaths|associated with multiple serious injuries deaths]] and [[Synthetic cannabinoid#Harm potential|more dangerous side effects and toxicity]] in general. Therefore, it is strongly discouraged to take this substance for extended periods of time or in excessive doses.
 ==Chemistry==
-F-AKB48, or N-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide, is a synthetic [[Chemical class::indazole cannabinoid]] as it contains a substituted indazole group. This indazole moeity is substituted at R<sub>1</sub> with a fluoropentyl chain, a substitution shared with [[5F-PB-22]]. Additionally, the indazole is substituted at R<sub>3</sub> with a carboxamide group.  This carboxamide group is N-substituted at its terminal amine group with an [[adamantane]] group. This group consists of four fused cyclohexane rings in a unique structure called a diamondoid. 5F-AKB48 is an analog of [[STS-135]] in which the core indole structure is substituted with an indazole base.
+F-AKB48, or N-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide, is a synthetic [[Chemical class::indazolecarboxamide]] as it contains a substituted indazole group. This indazole moeity is substituted at R<sub>1</sub> with a fluoropentyl chain, a substitution shared with [[5F-PB-22]]. Additionally, the indazole is substituted at R<sub>3</sub> with a carboxamide group.  This carboxamide group is N-substituted at its terminal amine group with an [[adamantane]] group. This group consists of four fused cyclohexane rings in a unique structure called a diamondoid. 5F-AKB48 is an analog of [[STS-135]] in which the core indole structure is substituted with an indazole base.
 ==Pharmacology==