Auditory hallucination: Difference between revisions

Line 1:

An '''auditory hallucination''' ~~can be described as~~ the experience of hearing spontaneous imaginary noises.<ref name="Weinel2016">Weinel, J. (2016). Entoptic Phenomena in Audio: Categories of Psychedelic Electroacoustic Composition. Contemporary Music Review, 35(2), 202-223. https://doi.org/10.1080/07494467.2016.1221633</ref><ref>Auditory hallucinations: a review of psychological treatments | https://www.schres-journal.com/article/S0920-9964(98)00052-8/abstract</ref><ref>Paracusia (Medical dictionary) | http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/paracusia</ref> The most common examples of this include hearing clips of sound such as imagined music,<ref>The clinical spectrum of musical hallucinations (ncbi) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15546592</ref><ref name="Weinel2016"/> voices,<ref>The Omnipotence of Voices: A Cognitive Approach to Auditory Hallucinations (The British Journal of Psychiatry) | https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/omnipotence-of-voices/BF121CBA135062075365F28B5AA0ED94</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=YJhr7HOrUfYC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=auditory+hallucinations+psychedelics&ots=ap5ir6JM6T&sig=mSO4IGyiu6tyKks46HuR_-kHAHg#v=onepage&q=auditory%20hallucinations%20psychedelics&f=false</ref><ref name="Weinel2016"/><ref name="Juszczak2013">Juszczak, G. R., & Swiergiel, A. H. (2013). Recreational use of D-lysergamide from the seeds of Argyreia nervosa, Ipomoea tricolor, Ipomoea violacea, and Ipomoea purpurea in Poland. Journal of psychoactive drugs, 45(1), 79-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2013.763570</ref><ref name="Carbonaro2013">Carbonaro, T. M., Forster, M. J., & Gatch, M. B. (2013). Discriminative stimulus effects of N, N-diisopropyltryptamine. Psychopharmacology, 226(2), 241-246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-012-2891-x</ref><ref name="Shulgin1980">Shulgin, A. T., & Carter, M. F. (1980). N, N-Diisopropyltryptamine (DIPT) and 5-methoxy-N, N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DIPT). Two orally active tryptamine analogs with CNS activity. Communications in psychopharmacology, 4(5), 363-369. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6949674</ref><ref name="Shulgin1997">Shulgin, A. T., & Shulgin, A. Transform Press; Berkeley, CA: 1997. TIHKAL: The Continuation.</ref> tones,<ref name="Weinel2016"/> popping,<ref name="Weinel2016"/><ref name="Stanciu2016">N Stanciu, C., & M Penders, T. (2016). Hallucinogen Persistent Perception Disorder Induced by New Psychoactive Substituted Phenethylamines; A Review with Illustrative Case. Current Psychiatry Reviews, 12(2), 221-223. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/ben/cpsr/2016/00000012/00000002/art00013#expand/collapse</ref> and scraping,<ref name="Stanciu2016"/> but can also be an infinite variety of other potential noises that are stored within one's memory.

An '''auditory hallucination''' is the experience of hearing spontaneous imaginary noises.<ref name="Weinel2016">Weinel, J. (2016). Entoptic Phenomena in Audio: Categories of Psychedelic Electroacoustic Composition. Contemporary Music Review, 35(2), 202-223. https://doi.org/10.1080/07494467.2016.1221633</ref><ref>Auditory hallucinations: a review of psychological treatments | https://www.schres-journal.com/article/S0920-9964(98)00052-8/abstract</ref><ref>Paracusia (Medical dictionary) | http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/paracusia</ref> The most common examples of this include hearing clips of sound such as imagined music,<ref>The clinical spectrum of musical hallucinations (ncbi) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15546592</ref><ref name="Weinel2016"/> voices,<ref>The Omnipotence of Voices: A Cognitive Approach to Auditory Hallucinations (The British Journal of Psychiatry) | https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/omnipotence-of-voices/BF121CBA135062075365F28B5AA0ED94</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=YJhr7HOrUfYC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=auditory+hallucinations+psychedelics&ots=ap5ir6JM6T&sig=mSO4IGyiu6tyKks46HuR_-kHAHg#v=onepage&q=auditory%20hallucinations%20psychedelics&f=false</ref><ref name="Weinel2016"/><ref name="Juszczak2013">Juszczak, G. R., & Swiergiel, A. H. (2013). Recreational use of D-lysergamide from the seeds of Argyreia nervosa, Ipomoea tricolor, Ipomoea violacea, and Ipomoea purpurea in Poland. Journal of psychoactive drugs, 45(1), 79-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2013.763570</ref><ref name="Carbonaro2013">Carbonaro, T. M., Forster, M. J., & Gatch, M. B. (2013). Discriminative stimulus effects of N, N-diisopropyltryptamine. Psychopharmacology, 226(2), 241-246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-012-2891-x</ref><ref name="Shulgin1980">Shulgin, A. T., & Carter, M. F. (1980). N, N-Diisopropyltryptamine (DIPT) and 5-methoxy-N, N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DIPT). Two orally active tryptamine analogs with CNS activity. Communications in psychopharmacology, 4(5), 363-369. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6949674</ref><ref name="Shulgin1997">Shulgin, A. T., & Shulgin, A. Transform Press; Berkeley, CA: 1997. TIHKAL: The Continuation.</ref> tones,<ref name="Weinel2016"/> popping,<ref name="Weinel2016"/><ref name="Stanciu2016">N Stanciu, C., & M Penders, T. (2016). Hallucinogen Persistent Perception Disorder Induced by New Psychoactive Substituted Phenethylamines; A Review with Illustrative Case. Current Psychiatry Reviews, 12(2), 221-223. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/ben/cpsr/2016/00000012/00000002/art00013#expand/collapse</ref> and scraping,<ref name="Stanciu2016"/> but can also be an infinite variety of other potential noises that are stored within one's memory.

In terms of their behaviour, these sounds will often be based on noises which were expected to occur or have been genuinely heard on a frequent basis within the external environment. For example, a person may repeatedly hear a knock at the door when they are expecting a visitor or may hear music which they were listening to earlier on in the day. However, at other times, auditory hallucinations may also present themselves as consisting of completely novel and alien sounds that are unlike anything which could currently occur within the external environment.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 <onlyinclude>
-An '''auditory hallucination''' can be described as the experience of hearing spontaneous imaginary noises.<ref name="Weinel2016">Weinel, J. (2016). Entoptic Phenomena in Audio: Categories of Psychedelic Electroacoustic Composition. Contemporary Music Review, 35(2), 202-223. https://doi.org/10.1080/07494467.2016.1221633</ref><ref>Auditory hallucinations: a review of psychological treatments | https://www.schres-journal.com/article/S0920-9964(98)00052-8/abstract</ref><ref>Paracusia (Medical dictionary) | http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/paracusia</ref> The most common examples of this include hearing clips of sound such as imagined music,<ref>The clinical spectrum of musical hallucinations (ncbi) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15546592</ref><ref name="Weinel2016"/> voices,<ref>The Omnipotence of Voices: A Cognitive Approach to Auditory Hallucinations (The British Journal of Psychiatry) | https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/omnipotence-of-voices/BF121CBA135062075365F28B5AA0ED94</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=YJhr7HOrUfYC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=auditory+hallucinations+psychedelics&ots=ap5ir6JM6T&sig=mSO4IGyiu6tyKks46HuR_-kHAHg#v=onepage&q=auditory%20hallucinations%20psychedelics&f=false</ref><ref name="Weinel2016"/><ref name="Juszczak2013">Juszczak, G. R., & Swiergiel, A. H. (2013). Recreational use of D-lysergamide from the seeds of Argyreia nervosa, Ipomoea tricolor, Ipomoea violacea, and Ipomoea purpurea in Poland. Journal of psychoactive drugs, 45(1), 79-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2013.763570</ref><ref name="Carbonaro2013">Carbonaro, T. M., Forster, M. J., & Gatch, M. B. (2013). Discriminative stimulus effects of N, N-diisopropyltryptamine. Psychopharmacology, 226(2), 241-246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-012-2891-x</ref><ref name="Shulgin1980">Shulgin, A. T., & Carter, M. F. (1980). N, N-Diisopropyltryptamine (DIPT) and 5-methoxy-N, N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DIPT). Two orally active tryptamine analogs with CNS activity. Communications in psychopharmacology, 4(5), 363-369. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6949674</ref><ref name="Shulgin1997">Shulgin, A. T., & Shulgin, A. Transform Press; Berkeley, CA: 1997. TIHKAL: The Continuation.</ref> tones,<ref name="Weinel2016"/> popping,<ref name="Weinel2016"/><ref name="Stanciu2016">N Stanciu, C., & M Penders, T. (2016). Hallucinogen Persistent Perception Disorder Induced by New Psychoactive Substituted Phenethylamines; A Review with Illustrative Case. Current Psychiatry Reviews, 12(2), 221-223. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/ben/cpsr/2016/00000012/00000002/art00013#expand/collapse</ref> and scraping,<ref name="Stanciu2016"/> but can also be an infinite variety of other potential noises that are stored within one's memory.
+An '''auditory hallucination''' is the experience of hearing spontaneous imaginary noises.<ref name="Weinel2016">Weinel, J. (2016). Entoptic Phenomena in Audio: Categories of Psychedelic Electroacoustic Composition. Contemporary Music Review, 35(2), 202-223. https://doi.org/10.1080/07494467.2016.1221633</ref><ref>Auditory hallucinations: a review of psychological treatments | https://www.schres-journal.com/article/S0920-9964(98)00052-8/abstract</ref><ref>Paracusia (Medical dictionary) | http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/paracusia</ref> The most common examples of this include hearing clips of sound such as imagined music,<ref>The clinical spectrum of musical hallucinations (ncbi) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15546592</ref><ref name="Weinel2016"/> voices,<ref>The Omnipotence of Voices: A Cognitive Approach to Auditory Hallucinations (The British Journal of Psychiatry) | https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/omnipotence-of-voices/BF121CBA135062075365F28B5AA0ED94</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=YJhr7HOrUfYC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=auditory+hallucinations+psychedelics&ots=ap5ir6JM6T&sig=mSO4IGyiu6tyKks46HuR_-kHAHg#v=onepage&q=auditory%20hallucinations%20psychedelics&f=false</ref><ref name="Weinel2016"/><ref name="Juszczak2013">Juszczak, G. R., & Swiergiel, A. H. (2013). Recreational use of D-lysergamide from the seeds of Argyreia nervosa, Ipomoea tricolor, Ipomoea violacea, and Ipomoea purpurea in Poland. Journal of psychoactive drugs, 45(1), 79-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2013.763570</ref><ref name="Carbonaro2013">Carbonaro, T. M., Forster, M. J., & Gatch, M. B. (2013). Discriminative stimulus effects of N, N-diisopropyltryptamine. Psychopharmacology, 226(2), 241-246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-012-2891-x</ref><ref name="Shulgin1980">Shulgin, A. T., & Carter, M. F. (1980). N, N-Diisopropyltryptamine (DIPT) and 5-methoxy-N, N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DIPT). Two orally active tryptamine analogs with CNS activity. Communications in psychopharmacology, 4(5), 363-369. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6949674</ref><ref name="Shulgin1997">Shulgin, A. T., & Shulgin, A. Transform Press; Berkeley, CA: 1997. TIHKAL: The Continuation.</ref> tones,<ref name="Weinel2016"/> popping,<ref name="Weinel2016"/><ref name="Stanciu2016">N Stanciu, C., & M Penders, T. (2016). Hallucinogen Persistent Perception Disorder Induced by New Psychoactive Substituted Phenethylamines; A Review with Illustrative Case. Current Psychiatry Reviews, 12(2), 221-223. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/ben/cpsr/2016/00000012/00000002/art00013#expand/collapse</ref> and scraping,<ref name="Stanciu2016"/> but can also be an infinite variety of other potential noises that are stored within one's memory.
 In terms of their behaviour, these sounds will often be based on noises which were expected to occur or have been genuinely heard on a frequent basis within the external environment. For example, a person may repeatedly hear a knock at the door when they are expecting a visitor or may hear music which they were listening to earlier on in the day. However, at other times, auditory hallucinations may also present themselves as consisting of completely novel and alien sounds that are unlike anything which could currently occur within the external environment.