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Efavirenz: Difference between revisions
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{{SubstanceBox/Efavirenz}} | {{SubstanceBox/Efavirenz}} | ||
'''Efavirenz''' ( | '''Efavirenz''' (sold by the brand name '''Sustiva''') is an antiretroviral medication used in the treatment and prevention of HIV/AIDS.<ref>Vrouenraets, S. M., Wit, F. W., Tongeren, J. V., & Lange, J. M. (2007). Efavirenz: a review. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 8(6), 851-871. https://doi.org/10.1517/14656566.8.6.851</ref> It is notable for being able to produce [[psychedelic]] and [[hallucinogenic]] effects despite possessing an extremely novel pharmacological profile and chemical structure not shared with any other psychedelic substance. | ||
Efavirenz was approved for medical use in the United States in 1998.{{citation needed}} It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system.<ref>{{cite web|title=WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List)|url=http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/EML_2015_FINAL_amended_NOV2015.pdf?ua=1|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=8 December 2016|date=April 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213052708/http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/EML_2015_FINAL_amended_NOV2015.pdf?ua=1|archivedate=13 December 2016|df=}}</ref> | |||
Recreational use of efavirenz for its hallucinogenic and dissociative effects has been reported in South Africa. It is used by crushing and smoking the tablets in a mixture known as ''whoonga'' and ''nyaope''.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7768059.stm Getting high on HIV drugs in S Africa. BBC News, 8 December 2008.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209053431/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7768059.stm |date=9 December 2008 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.abcnews.go.com/Health/MindMoodNews/story?id=7227982&page=1 'No Turning Back': Teens Abuse HIV Drugs. ABC News, April 6, 2009.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090408041457/http://abcnews.go.com/Health/MindMoodNews/story?id=7227982&page=1 |date=April 8, 2009 }}</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W7BCi5ax7jk Getting High On HIV Medication] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411153925/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W7BCi5ax7jk |date=2014-04-11 }} Vice 7.04.2014.</ref> | |||
==Chemistry== | ==Chemistry== | ||
Unlike most psychedelics, efavirenz is not a [[tryptamine]], [[phenethylamine]] or [[lysergamide]]. Efavirenz is classified as a benzoxazine and has several different moieties which give it a unique pharmacological profile. On the two position of the benzoxazine ring, efavirenz has a ketone attached. Efavirenz also has a trifluoromethyl group as well as a cyclopropane ring. | Unlike most psychedelics, efavirenz is not a [[tryptamine]], [[phenethylamine]] or [[lysergamide]]. Efavirenz is classified as a benzoxazine and has several different moieties which give it a unique pharmacological profile. On the two position of the benzoxazine ring, efavirenz has a ketone attached. Efavirenz also has a trifluoromethyl group as well as a cyclopropane ring. | ||
Efavirenz is a white to slightly pink crystalline powder with a molecular mass of 315.68 g/mol. It is practically insoluble in water (<10 µg/mL).{{citation needed}} | |||
==Pharmacology== | ==Pharmacology== | ||