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3-FEA: Difference between revisions
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{{SubstanceBox/3-FEA}} | {{SubstanceBox/3-FEA}} | ||
'''3-Fluoroethamphetamine''' (also known as '''3-FEA''') is a novel ring-substituted [[chemical class::amphetamine]] compound that produces a mixture of [[psychoactive class::entactogen|entactogenic]] and [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] effects when [[Routes of administration|administered]]. 3-FEA is structurally related to a series of [[designer drug|designer]] fluorinated [[substituted amphetamines]] that originally included compounds such as [[2-FA]], [[2-FMA]], [[3-FA]], [[4-FMA]], [[4-FA]].<ref>Quednow, B., Girreser, U., Junge, T. | '''3-Fluoroethamphetamine''' (also known as '''3-FEA''') is a novel ring-substituted [[chemical class::amphetamine]] compound that produces a mixture of [[psychoactive class::entactogen|entactogenic]] and [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] effects when [[Routes of administration|administered]]. 3-FEA is structurally related to a series of [[designer drug|designer]] fluorinated [[substituted amphetamines]] that originally included compounds such as [[2-FA]], [[2-FMA]], [[3-FA]], [[4-FMA]], [[4-FA]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Rösner, P.)), ((Quednow, B.)), ((Girreser, U.)), ((Junge, T.)) | journal=Forensic Science International | title=Isomeric Fluoro-methoxy-phenylalkylamines: a new series of controlled-substance analogues (designer drugs) | volume=148 | issue=2–3 | pages=143–156 | date= March 2005 | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0379073804003251 | issn=03790738 | doi=10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.05.003}}</ref> | ||
Like its parent compound [[3-FA]], the pharmacological, toxicological, and subjective effects of 3-FEA in humans have yet to be mapped out in detail. Anecdotal reports have characterised 3-FEA as a moderately potent [[serotonin]]-dominant triple [[monoamine]] [[releaser]] that produces a mixture of [[entactogenic]] and mild [[stimulation|stimulating]] effects.{{citation needed}} | Like its parent compound [[3-FA]], the pharmacological, toxicological, and subjective effects of 3-FEA in humans have yet to be mapped out in detail. Anecdotal reports have characterised 3-FEA as a moderately potent [[serotonin]]-dominant triple [[monoamine]] [[releaser]] that produces a mixture of [[entactogenic]] and mild [[stimulation|stimulating]] effects.{{citation needed}} | ||
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==Pharmacology== | ==Pharmacology== | ||
Although 3-FEA has not been formally studied on the same level as traditional [[amphetamines]], it is currently assumed that like other [[substituted amphetamines]] with substitutions at similar positions, it most likely acts primarily as a triple [[reuptake inhibitor]] and/or [[releaser]] of the [[monoamine]] [[neurotransmitters]] [[serotonin]], [[dopamine]], and [[norepinephrine]].<ref name="tessel">Tessel | Although 3-FEA has not been formally studied on the same level as traditional [[amphetamines]], it is currently assumed that like other [[substituted amphetamines]] with substitutions at similar positions, it most likely acts primarily as a triple [[reuptake inhibitor]] and/or [[releaser]] of the [[monoamine]] [[neurotransmitters]] [[serotonin]], [[dopamine]], and [[norepinephrine]].<ref name="tessel">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Tessel, R. E.)), ((Rutledge, C. O.)) | journal=The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | title=Specificity of release of biogenic amines from isolated rat brain tissue as a function of the meta substituent of N-ethylamphetamine derivatives | volume=197 | issue=2 | pages=253–262 | date= May 1976 | issn=0022-3565}}</ref><ref name="tessel2">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Tessel, R. E.)), ((Woods, J. H.)) | journal=The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | title=Substituted N-ethylamphetamine self injection responding in the rhesus monkey: structure-activity relationships | volume=205 | issue=2 | pages=274–281 | date= May 1978 | issn=0022-3565}}</ref> | ||
It has been demonstrated that compared to the unsubstituted ethylamphetamine, 3-fluoroethamphetamine is a weaker releaser of [[dopamine]], but a stronger releaser of both [[serotonin]] and [[norepinephrine]], producing the strongest reinforcing effects in animal studies out of a range of 3-substituted amphetamine derivatives tested, despite not being the most potent dopamine releaser.<ref name="tessel2" /><ref name="tessel" /> | It has been demonstrated that compared to the unsubstituted ethylamphetamine, 3-fluoroethamphetamine is a weaker releaser of [[dopamine]], but a stronger releaser of both [[serotonin]] and [[norepinephrine]], producing the strongest reinforcing effects in animal studies out of a range of 3-substituted amphetamine derivatives tested, despite not being the most potent dopamine releaser.<ref name="tessel2" /><ref name="tessel" /> | ||
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{{#ask: [[Category:3-FEA]][[Category:Experience]]|format=ul|Columns=1}} | {{#ask: [[Category:3-FEA]][[Category:Experience]]|format=ul|Columns=1}} | ||
Additional experience reports can be found here: | Additional experience reports can be found here: | ||
* [https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_3FEA.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: 3-FEA] | |||
*[https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_3FEA.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: 3-FEA] | |||
==Toxicity and harm potential== | ==Toxicity and harm potential== | ||
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Early anecdotal reports suggest that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this substance at low to moderate doses by itself and using it very cautiously sparingly (although nothing can be completely guaranteed). | Early anecdotal reports suggest that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this substance at low to moderate doses by itself and using it very cautiously sparingly (although nothing can be completely guaranteed). | ||
Due to its [[serotonin]]-releasing [[entactogenic]] properties, it is possible 3-FEA may display significant affinity and activity at the 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> receptor, which like 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> agonists such as [[MDMA]] and fenfluramine would make it cardiotoxic with long-term or heavy use.'''<ref> | Due to its [[serotonin]]-releasing [[entactogenic]] properties, it is possible 3-FEA may display significant affinity and activity at the 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> receptor, which like 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> agonists such as [[MDMA]] and fenfluramine would make it cardiotoxic with long-term or heavy use.'''<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Rothman, R. B.)), ((Baumann, M. H.)), ((Savage, J. E.)), ((Rauser, L.)), ((McBride, A.)), ((Hufeisen, S. J.)), ((Roth, B. L.)) | journal=Circulation | title=Evidence for Possible Involvement of 5-HT 2B Receptors in the Cardiac Valvulopathy Associated With Fenfluramine and Other Serotonergic Medications | volume=102 | issue=23 | pages=2836–2841 | date=5 December 2000 | url=https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/01.CIR.102.23.2836 | issn=0009-7322 | doi=10.1161/01.CIR.102.23.2836}}</ref>''' | ||
It is strongly recommended that one use proper [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance. | It is strongly recommended that one use proper [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance. | ||
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===Psychosis=== | ===Psychosis=== | ||
{{Main|Stimulant psychosis}} | {{Main|Stimulant psychosis}} | ||
Abuse of compounds within the amphetamine chemical class at high dosages for prolonged periods of time can potentially result in a stimulant psychosis that may present with a variety of symptoms (e.g., [[Paranoia|paranoia]], [[External hallucinations|hallucinations]], or [[Delusions|delusions]]).<ref>Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | | Abuse of compounds within the amphetamine chemical class at high dosages for prolonged periods of time can potentially result in a stimulant psychosis that may present with a variety of symptoms (e.g., [[Paranoia|paranoia]], [[External hallucinations|hallucinations]], or [[Delusions|delusions]]).<ref name="Shoptaw2009">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Shoptaw, S. J.)), ((Kao, U.)), ((Ling, W.)) | veditors=((Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Group)) | journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | title=Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | date=21 January 2009 | url=https://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3 | issn=14651858 | doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3}}</ref> A review on treatment for amphetamine, dextro[[amphetamine]], and [[methamphetamine]] abuse-induced psychosis states that about 5–15% of users fail to recover completely.<ref name="Shoptaw2009"/><ref>{{cite book | vauthors=((Hofmann, F. G.)) | date= 1983 | title=A handbook on drug and alcohol abuse: the biomedical aspects | publisher=Oxford University Press | edition=2nd ed | isbn=9780195030563}}</ref> The same review asserts that, based upon at least one trial, [[antipsychotic]] medications effectively resolve the symptoms of acute amphetamine psychosis.<ref name="Shoptaw2009"/> Psychosis very rarely arises from therapeutic use.<ref>http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/021303s026lbl.pdf</ref> | ||
===Dangerous interactions=== | ===Dangerous interactions=== | ||
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3-FEA is currently a grey area compound within many parts of the world, meaning its regulation lies in a legal grey area and that it is not known to be specifically illegal ("scheduled") within any country. However, individuals may still be charged for its possession under certain circumstances such as under analog laws and with intent to sell or consume. | 3-FEA is currently a grey area compound within many parts of the world, meaning its regulation lies in a legal grey area and that it is not known to be specifically illegal ("scheduled") within any country. However, individuals may still be charged for its possession under certain circumstances such as under analog laws and with intent to sell or consume. | ||
*'''Austria''': 3-FEA is illegal to | *'''Austria''': 3-FEA is illegal to produce and sell under the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich).{{citation needed}} | ||
*'''Canada''': 3-FEA would be considered Schedule I as it is an analog of Amphetamine.<ref>Controlled Drugs and Substances Act | *'''Canada''': 3-FEA would be considered Schedule I as it is an analog of Amphetamine.<ref>{{Citation | vauthors=((Branch, L. S.)) | year=2022 | title=Consolidated federal laws of Canada, Controlled Drugs and Substances Act | url=https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-38.8/page-12.html}}</ref> | ||
*'''France''': As of december 2024, 3-FEA is not explicitly scheduled. It is thus legal to possess, although in a grey area.<ref>{{Citation | title=Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants | url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085/2020-11-20/}}</ref> | |||
*'''Germany''': 3-FEA is controlled under the NpSG (''New Psychoactive Substances Act'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/anlage.html|title=Anlage NpSG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 19, 2019|language=de}}</ref> as of November 26, 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl116s2615.pdf#__bgbl__%2F%2F*%5B%40attr_id%3D%27bgbl116s2615.pdf%27%5D__1576017393518|title=Gesetz zur Bekämpfung der Verbreitung neuer psychoaktiver Stoffe|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|access-date=December 19, 2019|language=de}}</ref> Production and import with the aim to place it on the market, administration to another person and trading is punishable. Possession is illegal but not penalized.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/__4.html|title=§ 4 NpSG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 19, 2019|language=de}}</ref> | *'''Germany''': 3-FEA is controlled under the NpSG (''New Psychoactive Substances Act'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/anlage.html|title=Anlage NpSG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 19, 2019|language=de}}</ref> as of November 26, 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl116s2615.pdf#__bgbl__%2F%2F*%5B%40attr_id%3D%27bgbl116s2615.pdf%27%5D__1576017393518|title=Gesetz zur Bekämpfung der Verbreitung neuer psychoaktiver Stoffe|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|access-date=December 19, 2019|language=de}}</ref> Production and import with the aim to place it on the market, administration to another person and trading is punishable. Possession is illegal but not penalized.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/__4.html|title=§ 4 NpSG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 19, 2019|language=de}}</ref> | ||
*'''New Zealand''': 3-FEA is an amphetamine analog, so is a Schedule 3 controlled substance in New Zealand.<ref> | *'''New Zealand''': 3-FEA is an amphetamine analog, so is a Schedule 3 controlled substance in New Zealand.<ref>{{Citation | title=Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 No 116 (as at 01 July 2022), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation | url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1975/0116/latest/whole.html}}</ref> | ||
*'''United Kingdom''': 3-FEA is considered a Class A drug as a result of the amphetamine analog clause of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971.<ref>Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 | *'''Switzerland''': 3-FEA can be considered a controlled substance as a defined derivative of a-methylphenethylamine under Verzeichnis E point 130. It is legal when used for scientific or industrial use.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref> | ||
*'''United States''': 3-FEA may be considered to be an analogue of amphetamine under the Federal Analogue Act and thus a Schedule II drug. The Federal Analogue Act, 21 U.S.C. § 813, is a section of the United States Controlled Substances Act, allowing any chemical "substantially similar" to an illegal drug (in Schedule I or II) to be treated as if it were also in Schedule I or II, but only if it is intended for human consumption.{{citation needed}} | *'''The Netherlands:''' 3-FEA is a controlled substance as of July 1, 2025. <ref>{{Citation|title= Bepaalde groepen designerdrugs (ook wel nieuwe psychoactieve stoffen) zijn sinds 1 juli 2025 verboden. Deze stoffen zijn schadelijk. Gebruikers kunnen er gezondheidsproblemen van krijgen en er zelfs door overlijden. | year=2025|url=https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/drugs/verbod-op-designerdrugs}}</ref> | ||
*'''United Kingdom''': 3-FEA is considered a Class A drug as a result of the amphetamine analog clause of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971.<ref>{{Citation | title=Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 | url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1971/38/schedule/2/part/I}}</ref> | |||
*'''United States''': 3-FEA may be considered to be an analogue of amphetamine under the Federal Analogue Act and thus a Schedule II drug. The Federal Analogue Act, 21 U.S.C. § 813, is a section of the United States Controlled Substances Act, allowing any chemical "substantially similar" to an illegal drug (in Schedule I or II) to be treated as if it were also in Schedule I or II, but only if it is intended for human consumption.{{citation needed}} | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Responsible use]] | *[[Responsible use]] | ||
*[[Designer drug]] | *[[Designer drug]] | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-Fluoroethamphetamine 3-FEA (Wikipedia)] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-Fluoroethamphetamine 3-FEA (Wikipedia)] | ||
*[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=6122 3-FEA (Isomer Design)] | *[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=6122 3-FEA (Isomer Design)] | ||
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<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]] | [[Category:Psychoactive substance]] | ||
[[Category:Stimulant]] | [[Category:Stimulant]] | ||
[[Category:Entactogen]] | [[Category:Entactogen]] | ||
[[Category:Amphetamine]] | [[Category:Amphetamine]] | ||
[[Category:Research chemical]] | [[Category:Research chemical]] | ||
{{#set:Featured=true}} | {{#set:Featured=true}} | ||