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{{headerpanel|{{Approval}}{{DepressantOD|benzodiazepines}}}}
 
{{SummarySheet}}
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{{SubstanceBox/Cinolazepam}}
{{SubstanceBox/Cinolazepam}}
[[File:Opugn4T.jpg|150px|thumbnail|Gerodorm (Cinolazepam) 40 mg tablets]]
[[File:Opugn4T.jpg|150px|thumbnail|Gerodorm (Cinolazepam) 40 mg tablets]]
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| ''[[Cinolazepam/Summary|Summary sheet: Cinolazepam]]''
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'''Cinolazepam''' ('''Gerodorm''') is a a short-acting [[psychoactive]] drug of the [[Chemical class::benzodiazepine]] class which produces hypnotic, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, [[anticonvulsant]], and amnesic effects.<ref>A clinical and neurophysiological evaluation of clotiazepam, a new thienodiazepine derivative. | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2885366</ref> Due to its strong sedative properties, it is primarily used as an hypnotic.<ref>Short-term sleep laboratory studies with cinolazepam in situational insomnia induced by traffic noise. | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2889679</ref>
'''Cinolazepam''' ('''Gerodorm''') is a short-acting [[psychoactive]] drug of the [[Chemical class::benzodiazepine]] class which produces hypnotic, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, [[anticonvulsant]], and amnesic effects.<ref>A clinical and neurophysiological evaluation of clotiazepam, a new thienodiazepine derivative. | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2885366</ref> Due to its strong sedative properties, it is primarily used as an hypnotic.<ref>Short-term sleep laboratory studies with cinolazepam in situational insomnia induced by traffic noise. | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2889679</ref>
Cinolazepam has an elimination half-life of approximately 9 hours, and is considered to be a short-acting benzodiazepine. It has a fast onset of action, with a peak blood level occurring 0.5 to 2 hours after oral administration.<ref>Drug bank | http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01594</ref>`
Cinolazepam has an elimination half-life of approximately 9 hours, and is considered to be a short-acting benzodiazepine. It has a fast onset of action, with a peak blood level occurring 0.5 to 2 hours after oral administration.<ref>Drug bank | http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01594</ref>`
    
    
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==Chemistry==
==Chemistry==
[[chemistry]]
{{chemistry}}
Cinolazepam is a drug of the [[benzodiazepine]] class. Benzodiazepine drugs contain a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring, which is a seven membered ring with the two nitrogen constituents located at R<sub>1</sub> and R<sub>4</sub>.
Cinolazepam is a drug of the [[benzodiazepine]] class. Benzodiazepine drugs contain a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring, which is a seven membered ring with the two nitrogen constituents located at R<sub>1</sub> and R<sub>4</sub>.


==Pharmacology==
==Pharmacology==
{{pharmacology}}
Benzodiazepines produce a variety of effects by binding to the benzodiazepine receptor site and magnifying the efficiency and effects of the neurotransmitter [[GABA|gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)]] by acting on its [[receptor]]s.<ref>Benzodiazepine interactions with GABA receptors (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6147796</ref> As this site is the most prolific inhibitory receptor set within the brain, its modulation results in the [[sedating]] (or [[anxiety suppression|calming effects]]) of clonazelam on the nervous system.
Benzodiazepines produce a variety of effects by binding to the benzodiazepine receptor site and magnifying the efficiency and effects of the neurotransmitter [[GABA|gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)]] by acting on its [[receptor]]s.<ref>Benzodiazepine interactions with GABA receptors (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6147796</ref> As this site is the most prolific inhibitory receptor set within the brain, its modulation results in the [[sedating]] (or [[anxiety suppression|calming effects]]) of clonazelam on the nervous system.


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==Subjective effects==
==Subjective effects==
The effects listed below are based upon the [[subjective effects index]] and personal experiences of [[PsychonautWiki]] [[Special:TopUsers|contributors]]. The listed effects will rarely (if ever) occur all at once, but heavier dosages will increase the chances and are more likely to induce a full range of effects.                                                                       
{{EffectStub}}
<div class='flex-panel'>
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}}
    <div class='flex-column'>
{{effects/base|
<div class="panel radius">
{{effects/physical|
<h3 class="panel-header">'''Physical effects''' [[File:Child.svg|x20px|right|link=]]</h3>
 
<ul class="featured-table">
<li class="featured list-item">
*'''[[Effect::Sedation]]''' -  In terms of energy level alterations, this drug has the potential to be extremely sedating and often results in an overwhelmingly lethargic state. At higher levels, this causes users to suddenly feel as if they are extremely sleep deprived and have not slept for days, forcing them to sit down and generally feel as if they are constantly on the verge of passing out instead of engaging in physical activities. This sense of sleep deprivation increases proportional to dosage and eventually becomes powerful enough to force a person into complete unconsciousness.
*'''[[Effect::Sedation]]''' -  In terms of energy level alterations, this drug has the potential to be extremely sedating and often results in an overwhelmingly lethargic state. At higher levels, this causes users to suddenly feel as if they are extremely sleep deprived and have not slept for days, forcing them to sit down and generally feel as if they are constantly on the verge of passing out instead of engaging in physical activities. This sense of sleep deprivation increases proportional to dosage and eventually becomes powerful enough to force a person into complete unconsciousness.
*'''[[Effect::Respiratory depression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Respiratory depression]]'''
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*'''[[Effect::Muscle relaxation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Muscle relaxation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Motor control loss]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Motor control loss]]'''
 
}}
</li>
|{{effects/paradoxical|
</ul>
</div>
 
<div class="panel radius">
<h3 class="panel-header">'''Paradoxical effects''' [[File:Fa-exclamation-circle.png|x20px|right|link=]]</h3>
 
<ul class="featured-table">
<li class="featured list-item">
Paradoxical reactions to [[benzodiazepines]] such as increased seizures (in epileptics), aggression, increased anxiety, violent behavior, loss of impulse control, irritability and suicidal behavior sometimes occur (although they are rare in the general population, with an incidence rate below 1%).<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18922233 | Saïas T, Gallarda T | Paradoxical aggressive reactions to benzodiazepine use: a review</ref><ref>Paton C | Benzodiazepines and disinhibition: a review | Psychiatr Bull R Coll Psychiatr | http://pb.rcpsych.org/cgi/reprint/26/12/460.pdf</ref><p>
Paradoxical reactions to [[benzodiazepines]] such as increased seizures (in epileptics), aggression, increased anxiety, violent behavior, loss of impulse control, irritability and suicidal behavior sometimes occur (although they are rare in the general population, with an incidence rate below 1%).<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18922233 | Saïas T, Gallarda T | Paradoxical aggressive reactions to benzodiazepine use: a review</ref><ref>Paton C | Benzodiazepines and disinhibition: a review | Psychiatr Bull R Coll Psychiatr | http://pb.rcpsych.org/cgi/reprint/26/12/460.pdf</ref><p>
These paradoxical effects occur with greater frequency in recreational abusers, individuals with mental disorders, children, and patients on high-dosage regimes.<ref>Bond AJ | Drug-induced behavioural disinhibition: incidence, mechanisms and therapeutic implications | CNS Drugs</ref><ref>Drummer OH | Benzodiazepines—effects on human performance and behavior | Forensic Sci Rev</ref></p>
These paradoxical effects occur with greater frequency in recreational abusers, individuals with mental disorders, children, and patients on high-dosage regimes.<ref>Bond AJ | Drug-induced behavioural disinhibition: incidence, mechanisms and therapeutic implications | CNS Drugs</ref><ref>Drummer OH | Benzodiazepines—effects on human performance and behavior | Forensic Sci Rev</ref>
</li>
}}
</ul>
|{{effects/cognitive|
</div>
</div>
 
<div class="flex-column">
<div class="panel radius">
<h3 class="panel-header">'''Cognitive effects''' [[File:User.svg|x20px|right|link=]]</h3>
 
<ul class="featured-table">
<li class="featured list-item">
*'''[[Amnesia]]'''
*'''[[Amnesia]]'''
*'''[[Disinhibition]]'''
*'''[[Disinhibition]]'''
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*'''[[Seizure suppression]]'''
*'''[[Seizure suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Sedation]]''' -  In terms of energy level alterations, this drug has the potential to be extremely sedating and often results in an overwhelmingly lethargic state. At higher levels, this causes users to suddenly feel as if they are extremely sleep deprived and have not slept for days, forcing them to sit down and generally feel as if they are constantly on the verge of passing out instead of engaging in physical activities. This sense of sleep deprivation increases proportional to dosage and eventually becomes powerful enough to force a person into complete unconsciousness.
*'''[[Effect::Sedation]]''' -  In terms of energy level alterations, this drug has the potential to be extremely sedating and often results in an overwhelmingly lethargic state. At higher levels, this causes users to suddenly feel as if they are extremely sleep deprived and have not slept for days, forcing them to sit down and generally feel as if they are constantly on the verge of passing out instead of engaging in physical activities. This sense of sleep deprivation increases proportional to dosage and eventually becomes powerful enough to force a person into complete unconsciousness.
</li>
}}
</ul>
}}
</div>
 
</div>
===Experience reports===
</div>
There are currently {{#ask:[[Category:Cinolazepam]][[Category:Experience]] | format=count}} experience reports which describe the effects of this substance in our [[experience index]].
{{#ask: [[Category:Cinolazepam]][[Category:Experience]]|format=ul|Columns=1}}


==Toxicity and harm potential==
==Toxicity and harm potential==
{{toxicity}}
[[File:harmchart.png|thumb|right|300px|Radar plot showing relative physical harm, social harm, and dependence of benzodiazepines in comparison to other drugs.<ref>Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse (ScienceDirect) | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673607604644</ref>]]
[[File:harmchart.png|thumb|right|300px|Radar plot showing relative physical harm, social harm, and dependence of benzodiazepines in comparison to other drugs.<ref>Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse (ScienceDirect) | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673607604644</ref>]]
{{Main|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential}}
{{Further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential}}
Cinolazepam likely has a [[Toxicity::low toxicity]] relative to dose.<ref>Benzodiazepine metabolism: an analytical perspective (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18855614</ref> However, it is [[Toxicity::potentially [[respiratory depression|lethal]] when mixed with [[depressants]] like [[alcohol]] or [[opioids]]]].
Cinolazepam likely has a [[Toxicity::low toxicity]] relative to dose.<ref>Benzodiazepine metabolism: an analytical perspective (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18855614</ref> However, it is [[Toxicity::potentially [[respiratory depression|lethal]] when mixed with [[depressants]] like [[alcohol]] or [[opioids]]]].


 
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance.
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this drug.


===Tolerance and addiction potential===
===Tolerance and addiction potential===
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Tolerance will develop to the sedative-hypnotic effects [[Time to full tolerance::within a couple of days of continuous use]]. After cessation, the tolerance returns to baseline in [[Time to zero tolerance::7 - 14 days]]. However, in certain cases this may take significantly longer in a manner which is proportional to the duration and intensity of one's long-term usage.
Tolerance will develop to the sedative-hypnotic effects [[Time to full tolerance::within a couple of days of continuous use]]. After cessation, the tolerance returns to baseline in [[Time to zero tolerance::7 - 14 days]]. However, in certain cases this may take significantly longer in a manner which is proportional to the duration and intensity of one's long-term usage.


Withdrawal symptoms or rebound symptoms may occur after ceasing treatment abruptly following a few weeks or longer of steady dosing, and may necessitate a gradual dose reduction. For more information on tapering from benzodiazepines in a controlled manner, please see [http://www.benzo.org.uk/manual/bzcha02.htm this guide].
Withdrawal symptoms or rebound symptoms may occur after ceasing usage abruptly following a few weeks or longer of steady dosing, and may necessitate a gradual dose reduction. For more information on tapering from benzodiazepines in a controlled manner, please see [http://www.benzo.org.uk/manual/bzcha02.htm this guide].


[[Benzodiazepine#Discontinuation|Benzodiazepine discontinuation]] is notoriously difficult; it is potentially life-threatening for individuals using regularly to discontinue use without tapering their dose over a period of weeks. There is an increased risk of [[hypertension]], [[seizures]], and death.<ref>A fatal case of benzodiazepine withdrawal. (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19465812</ref> Drugs which lower the seizure threshold such as [[tramadol]] should be avoided during withdrawal.
[[Benzodiazepine#Discontinuation|Benzodiazepine discontinuation]] is notoriously difficult; it is potentially life-threatening for individuals using regularly to discontinue use without tapering their dose over a period of weeks. There is an increased risk of [[hypertension]], [[seizures]], and death.<ref>A fatal case of benzodiazepine withdrawal. (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19465812</ref> Drugs which lower the seizure threshold such as [[tramadol]] should be avoided during withdrawal.
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===Dangerous interactions===
===Dangerous interactions===
Although many drugs are safe on their own, they can become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with other substances. The list below contains some common potentially dangerous combinations, but may not include all of them. Certain combinations may be safe in low doses of each but still increase the potential risk of death. [https://www.google.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.
{{DangerousInteractions}}
*'''[[Depressants]]''' (''[[1,4-Butanediol]], [[2-methyl-2-butanol]], [[alcohol]], [[barbiturates]], [[GHB]]/[[GBL]], [[methaqualone]], [[opioids]]'') - This combination can result in dangerous or even fatal levels of [[respiratory depression]]. These substances potentiate the [[muscle relaxation]], [[sedation]] and [[amnesia]] caused by one another and can lead to unexpected loss of consciousness at high doses. There is also an increased risk of vomiting during unconsciousness and death from the resulting suffocation. If this occurs, users should attempt to fall asleep in the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uCDa-AhrjHo recovery position] or have a friend move them into it.
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}
*'''[[Dissociatives]]''' - This combination can result in an increased risk of vomiting during unconsciousness and death from the resulting suffocation. If this occurs, users should attempt to fall asleep in the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uCDa-AhrjHo recovery position] or have a friend move them into it.
{{DangerousInteractions/Depressants}}
*'''[[Stimulants]]''' -  It is dangerous to combine benzodiazepines with [[stimulant]]s due to the risk of excessive intoxication. Stimulants decrease the [[sedation|sedative]] effect of benzodiazepines, which is the main factor most people consider when determining their level of intoxication. Once the stimulant wears off, the effects of benzodiazepines will be significantly increased, leading to intensified [[disinhibition]] as well as [[benzodiazepine#Subjective effects|other effects]]. If combined, one should strictly limit themselves to only dosing a certain amount of benzodiazepines per hour. This combination can also potentially result in severe dehydration if hydration is not monitored.


==Legal issues==
==Legal status==
{{legalStub}}
{{legalStub}}
*'''Canada''' - Cinolazepam is not approved for sale{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
*'''United Kingdom''' - It is illegal to produce, supply, or import this drug under the Psychoactive Substance Act, which came into effect on May 26th, 2016.<ref>Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 (Legislation.gov.uk) | http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2016/2/contents/enacted</ref>
*'''United Kingdom''' - It is illegal to produce, supply, or import this drug under the Psychoactive Substance Act, which came into effect on May 26th, 2016.<ref>Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 (Legislation.gov.uk) | http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2016/2/contents/enacted</ref>
*'''United States''' - Cinolazepam is not approved for sale{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}


Cinolazepam is not approved for sale in the United States or Canada.
[[Category:Approval]][[Category:Proofread]]
==Preparation methods==
Preparation methods for this compound within our [[tutorial index]] include:
* [[Volumetric liquid dosing]]
==See also==
==See also==
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Responsible use]]
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*[[Benzodiazepines]]
*[[Benzodiazepines]]
*[[Depressants]]
*[[Depressants]]
Preparation methods for this compound within our [[tutorial index]] include:
* [[Volumetric liquid dosing]]
==External links==
*[[wikipedia:Cinolazepam|Cinolazepam (Wikipedia)]]
*[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=3060 Cinolazepam (TiHKAL / Isomer Design)]
==References==
<references />
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]
[[Category:Proofread]]
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