4-HO-MET: Difference between revisions

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{{effects/base

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*'''[[Effect::Scenery slicing]]'''

*'''[[Effect::Symmetrical texture repetition]]'''

*'''[[Effect::Environmental patterning]]'''

*'''[[Effect::Tracers]]'''

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===Tolerance and addiction potential===

4-HO-MET is habit forming, and the desire to use it ~~will increase~~ with use. When addiction has developed, cravings and [[Withdrawal effects|withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage. This is confirmed by the pharmacological profile showing a target for NET, the norepinephrine transporter, which is also targeted by [[methylphenidate]] and [[cocaine]]. Withdrawal from NET inhibitors creates a sensation like the insides of one's body is burning. The TAAR-1 neuron is relatively understudied, but research shows this neuron is responsible in part for amphetamine mediated dopamine release.<ref>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18083911/ Lindemann, Lothar et al. “Trace amine-associated receptor 1 modulates dopaminergic activity.” ''The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics'' vol. 324,3 (2008): 948-~~56. doi:10~~.~~1124/jpet.107.132647]</ref>~~

4-HO-MET is [[Addiction potential::not habit-forming]], and the desire to use it can actually decrease with use. It is most often self-regulating.

Tolerance to the effects of 4-HO-MET is built [[Time to full tolerance::almost immediately after ingestion]]. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::7 days]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 4-HO-MET presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[psychedelic]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of 4-HO-MET all psychedelics will have a reduced effect.

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*'''Austria''': 4-HO-MET is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich). {{citation needed}}

*'''Canada''': 4-HO-MET is unscheduled in Canada.

*'''Germany''': 4-HO-MET is controlled under the NpSG<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/anlage.html|title=Anlage NpSG|publisher=Bundesamt für Justiz [Federal Office of Justice]|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=de}}</ref> (''New Psychoactive Substances Act'') as of July 18, 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl119s1083.pdf|title=Verordnung zur Änderung der Anlage des Neue-psychoaktive-Stoffe-Gesetzes und von Anlagen des Betäubungsmittelgesetzes|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|work=Bundesgesetzblatt Jahrgang 2019 Teil I Nr. 27|pages=1083-1094|publication-date=July 17, 2019|language=de|issn=0341-1095}}</ref> Production and import with the aim to place it on the market, administration to another person, placing it on the market and trading is punishable. Possession is illegal but not punishable.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/__4.html|title=§ 4 NpSG|publisher=Bundesamt für Justiz [Federal Office of Justice]|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/__3.html|title=§ 3 NpSG|publisher=Bundesamt für Justiz [Federal Office of Justice]|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=de}}</ref> The legislator considers it possible that orders of 4-HO-MET are punishable as an incitement to place it on the market.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dip21.bundestag.de/dip21/btd/18/085/1808579.pdf|title=Gesetzentwurf der Bundesregierung: Entwurf eines Gesetzes zur Bekämpfung der Verbreitung neuer psychoaktiver Stoffe|page=20|date=May 30, 2016|id=Drucksache 18/8579|publisher=Deutscher Bundestag|language=de}}</ref>

*'''Japan''': 4-HO-MET is a controlled substance in Japan effective March 25th, 2015.<ref>[https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/houdou/0000078803.html "危険ドラッグの成分１６物質を新たに指定薬物に指定"] (in Japanese). 厚生労働省 [Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)]. Retrieved May 2, 2022.</ref>

*'''Poland:''' 4-HO-MET is illegal to posses, manufacture and sell under "Wykaz środków odurzających i substancji psychotropowych" (Group I-P) <ref>{{Citation | year=2022 | language=polish | title=Wykaz środków odurzających i substancji psychotropowych | url=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wykaz_%C5%9Brodk%C3%B3w_odurzaj%C4%85cych_i_substancji_psychotropowych#Grupa_I-P}}</ref>

*'''Sweden''': Sveriges Riksdag added 4-HO-MET to Schedule I ("substances, plant materials and fungi which normally do not have medical use") as narcotics in Sweden as of May 1, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lakemedelsverket.se/upload/lvfs/LVFS_2012_6.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031222225/https://lakemedelsverket.se/upload/lvfs/LVFS_2012_6.pdf|archive-date=October 31, 2018|title=Föreskrifter om ändring i Läkemedelsverkets föreskrifter (LVFS 2011:10) om förteckningar över narkotika|date=April 20, 2012|id=LVFS 2012:6|publication-date=April 30, 2012|issn=1101-5225|publisher=Läkemedelsverket [Medical Products Agency ]|language=sv}}</ref>

*'''Switzerland''': 4-HO-MET is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis E.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref>

*'''United Kingdom''': 4-HO-MET is a Class A drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the tryptamine catch-all clause.<ref>{{cite web|title=Schedule 2: Part I: Class A Drugs|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1971/38/schedule/2/part/I|work="Misuse of Drugs Act 1971"|access-date=August 20, 2020|publisher=UK Government}}</ref>

*'''United States''': 4-HO-MET is unscheduled in the United States. It may be considered an analogue of [[psilocin]] (''4-HO-DMT''), a Schedule I drug under the Controlled Substances Act. As such, the sale for human consumption or the use for illicit non-medical or industrial intents and purposes could be prosecuted as crimes under the Federal Analogue Act.{{citation needed}}

*'''Poland:''' 4-HO-MET is illegal to posses, manufacture and sell under "Wykaz środków odurzających i substancji psychotropowych" (Group I-P) <ref>https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wykaz_%C5%9Brodk%C3%B3w_odurzaj%C4%85cych_i_substancji_psychotropowych#Grupa_I-P</ref>

==See also==

@@ Line 71: / Line 71: @@
 {{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}}
 {{effects/base
@@ Line 106: / Line 107: @@
 *'''[[Effect::Scenery slicing]]'''
 *'''[[Effect::Symmetrical texture repetition]]'''
+*'''[[Effect::Environmental patterning]]'''
 *'''[[Effect::Tracers]]'''
@@ Line 191: / Line 193: @@
 ===Tolerance and addiction potential===
--HO-MET is habit forming, and the desire to use it will increase with use.  When addiction has developed, cravings and [[Withdrawal effects|withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.  This is confirmed by the pharmacological profile showing a target for NET, the norepinephrine transporter, which is also targeted by [[methylphenidate]] and [[cocaine]].  Withdrawal from NET inhibitors creates a sensation like the insides of one's body is burning.  The TAAR-1 neuron is relatively understudied, but research shows this neuron is responsible in part for amphetamine mediated dopamine release.<ref>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18083911/ Lindemann, Lothar et al. “Trace amine-associated receptor 1 modulates dopaminergic activity.” ''The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics'' vol. 324,3 (2008): 948-56. doi:10.1124/jpet.107.132647]</ref>
+-HO-MET is [[Addiction potential::not habit-forming]], and the desire to use it can actually decrease with use. It is most often self-regulating.
 Tolerance to the effects of 4-HO-MET is built [[Time to full tolerance::almost immediately after ingestion]]. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::7 days]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 4-HO-MET presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[psychedelic]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of 4-HO-MET all psychedelics will have a reduced effect.
@@ Line 202: / Line 204: @@
 *'''Austria''': 4-HO-MET is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich). {{citation needed}}
+*'''Canada''': 4-HO-MET is unscheduled in Canada.
 *'''Germany''': 4-HO-MET is controlled under the NpSG<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/anlage.html|title=Anlage NpSG|publisher=Bundesamt für Justiz [Federal Office of Justice]|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=de}}</ref> (''New Psychoactive Substances Act'') as of July 18, 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl119s1083.pdf|title=Verordnung zur Änderung der Anlage des Neue-psychoaktive-Stoffe-Gesetzes und von Anlagen des Betäubungsmittelgesetzes|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|work=Bundesgesetzblatt Jahrgang 2019 Teil I Nr. 27|pages=1083-1094|publication-date=July 17, 2019|language=de|issn=0341-1095}}</ref> Production and import with the aim to place it on the market, administration to another person, placing it on the market and trading is punishable. Possession is illegal but not punishable.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/__4.html|title=§ 4 NpSG|publisher=Bundesamt für Justiz [Federal Office of Justice]|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/__3.html|title=§ 3 NpSG|publisher=Bundesamt für Justiz [Federal Office of Justice]|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=de}}</ref> The legislator considers it possible that orders of 4-HO-MET are punishable as an incitement to place it on the market.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dip21.bundestag.de/dip21/btd/18/085/1808579.pdf|title=Gesetzentwurf der Bundesregierung: Entwurf eines Gesetzes zur Bekämpfung der Verbreitung neuer psychoaktiver Stoffe|page=20|date=May 30, 2016|id=Drucksache 18/8579|publisher=Deutscher Bundestag|language=de}}</ref>
+*'''Japan''': 4-HO-MET is a controlled substance in Japan effective March 25th, 2015.<ref>[https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/houdou/0000078803.html "危険ドラッグの成分１６物質を新たに指定薬物に指定"] (in Japanese). 厚生労働省 [Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)]. Retrieved May 2, 2022.</ref>
+*'''Poland:''' 4-HO-MET is illegal to posses, manufacture and sell under "Wykaz środków odurzających i substancji psychotropowych" (Group I-P) <ref>{{Citation | year=2022 | language=polish | title=Wykaz środków odurzających i substancji psychotropowych | url=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wykaz_%C5%9Brodk%C3%B3w_odurzaj%C4%85cych_i_substancji_psychotropowych#Grupa_I-P}}</ref>
 *'''Sweden''': Sveriges Riksdag added 4-HO-MET to Schedule I ("substances, plant materials and fungi which normally do not have medical use") as narcotics in Sweden as of May 1, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lakemedelsverket.se/upload/lvfs/LVFS_2012_6.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031222225/https://lakemedelsverket.se/upload/lvfs/LVFS_2012_6.pdf|archive-date=October 31, 2018|title=Föreskrifter om ändring i Läkemedelsverkets föreskrifter (LVFS 2011:10) om förteckningar över narkotika|date=April 20, 2012|id=LVFS 2012:6|publication-date=April 30, 2012|issn=1101-5225|publisher=Läkemedelsverket [Medical Products Agency ]|language=sv}}</ref>
 *'''Switzerland''': 4-HO-MET is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis E.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref>
 *'''United Kingdom''': 4-HO-MET is a Class A drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the tryptamine catch-all clause.<ref>{{cite web|title=Schedule 2: Part I: Class A Drugs|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1971/38/schedule/2/part/I|work="Misuse of Drugs Act 1971"|access-date=August 20, 2020|publisher=UK Government}}</ref>
 *'''United States''': 4-HO-MET is unscheduled in the United States. It may be considered an analogue of [[psilocin]] (''4-HO-DMT''), a Schedule I drug under the Controlled Substances Act. As such, the sale for human consumption or the use for illicit non-medical or industrial intents and purposes could be prosecuted as crimes under the Federal Analogue Act.{{citation needed}}
-*'''Poland:''' 4-HO-MET is illegal to posses, manufacture and sell under "Wykaz środków odurzających i substancji psychotropowych" (Group I-P) <ref>https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wykaz_%C5%9Brodk%C3%B3w_odurzaj%C4%85cych_i_substancji_psychotropowych#Grupa_I-P</ref>
 ==See also==