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{{Experience reports|erowid_experience_substance_label=2-Methylmethcathinone}}
 
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'''2-Methylmethcathinone''' (also known as '''2-MMC''', '''Orto'''  or '''Orthomephedrone''') is a novel lesser-known stimulant-entactogen substance of the [[cathinones|cathinone]] class that induces powerful euphoria and strong, energizing stimulation. It is related to other bath salts like for example [[3-MMC]] or [[4-MMC]] (Mephedrone). The mechanism of action is not fully studied, but dopamine
'''2-Methylmethcathinone''' (also known as '''2-MMC''', '''Ortho'''  or '''Orthomephedrone''') is a novel lesser-known stimulant-entactogen substance of the [[cathinones|cathinone]] class that induces feelings of [[physical euphoria|euphoria]], and [[stimulation]]. It is related to other substituted cathinones like for example [[3-MMC]] or [[4-MMC]] (Mephedrone). The mechanism of action is not fully studied, but [[dopamine]], [[serotonin]] and [[norepinephrine]] releasing activity is known to be involved.
, serotonin and norepinephrine releasing activity is known to be involved.


[[Subjective effects]] include [[stimulation]], [[anxiety suppression]], [[empathy, affection, and sociability enhancement|enhanced empathy and sociability]], [[muscle relaxation|relaxation]], [[increased libido]], [[increased music appreciation]] and [[euphoria]]. The effects are reported to be similar to those of adderall.
2-MMC is shown to be more dopaminergic and less serotonergic compared to [[MDMA]]. This profile makes it more stimulating and less empathogenic, similar to that of [[Amphetamine]].  


[[Subjective effects]] include [[stimulation]], [[anxiety suppression]], [[empathy, affection, and sociability enhancement|enhanced empathy and sociability]], [[muscle relaxation|relaxation]], [[increased libido]], [[increased music appreciation]] and [[euphoria]]. The effects are reported to be a mix of amphetamine and a cocaine-like stimulation rush with a lighter version of MDMA euphoria.
It is highly advised to use [[ harm reduction practices]] if using this substance as it has a very short history of use.
It is highly advised to use [[ harm reduction practices]] if using this substance as it has a very short history of use.


==History and culture==
==History and culture==
It was first identified in Sweden in May 2014.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/1018/TDAN15001ENN.pdf | title = Europol 2014 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA | publisher = European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction | date = 10 May 2005 }}</ref>. It is an unusual substance, unclassified in many countries. Cases of its use are sporadic.{{Citation needed}}
It was first identified in Sweden in May 2014.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/1018/TDAN15001ENN.pdf | title = Europol 2014 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA | publisher = European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction | date = 10 May 2005 }}</ref>. Until recently, it had beeen an obscure substance, unclassified in many countries. Cases of its use were sporadic. However, since the Dutch ban on 3-MMC, the sale and use of 2-MMC became prevalent in the Netherlands.{{Citation needed}}


==Chemistry==
==Chemistry==
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|{{effects/physical|
|{{effects/physical|


*'''[[Effect::Neurotoxicity]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' - Orthomephedrone is reported to be extremely energetic and stimulating in a fashion that is similar to that of [[MDMA]] or at higher dosages [[Amphetamine]] but stronger than that of [[modafinil]] or [[caffeine]]. It encourages physical activities like running, walking, or dancing which would otherwise be boring. The particular style of stimulation which orthomephedrone presents can be described as forced. This means that at higher dosages, it becomes difficult or impossible to keep still as jaw clenching, involuntarily bodily shakes and vibrations become present, resulting in extreme shaking of the entire body, unsteadiness of the hands, and a general lack of motor control.  
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' - Ortomephedrone is reported to be highly energizing and stimulating, it encourages physical activities like running, walking, or dancing
*'''[[Effect::Stamina enhancement]]'''
 
The style of stimulation can be described as "forced". This means that at higher doses, it becomes difficult or impossible to keep still as jaw clenching, involuntarily body shakes and vibrations become present.
 
Additionally, 2-MMC can produce wave-like feelings of deep sedation and relaxation may be paradoxically present, although not frequently.
 
*'''[[Effect::Bodily control enhancement]]'''  
*'''[[Effect::Bodily control enhancement]]'''  
*'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]''' - Ortomephedrone has been reported to cause feelings of warmth, love and comfort.
*'''[[Effect::Stamina enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Nausea]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Headaches]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Temperature regulation suppression]]'''  
*'''[[Effect::Temperature regulation suppression]]'''  
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous physical sensations]]''' - The body high that ortomephedrone produces can be described as extremely euphoric and comfortable.
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous physical sensations]]'''  
*'''[[Effect::Increased bodily temperature]]'''
**'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased bodily temperature]]''' & *'''[[Effect::Decreased bodily temperature]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased perspiration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased perspiration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Decreased bodily temperature]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Muscle twitching]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Itchiness]]''' - This effect can occur because 2-MMC stimulates the release of histamine.
*'''[[Effect::Abnormal heartbeat]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased blood pressure]]'''
**'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]''' - 2-MMC increases heart rate mildly to moderately compared to other stimulants.
*'''[[Effect::Vasoconstriction]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Vasoconstriction]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Pupil dilation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Dry mouth]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]''' - Increase in heart rate is said to be relatively mild and doesnt occur that frequently compared to other bath salts like '''[[Mephedrone]]'''.
**'''[[Effect::Dehydration]]'''  
*'''[[Effect::Dehydration]]'''  
*'''[[Effect::Difficulty urinating]]''' - Higher doses of orthomephedrone can result in a burning-like sensation when urinating, or an overall difficulty peeing. An effect that is completely temporary and thought to be harmless.
*'''[[Effect::Dry mouth]]'''  
*'''[[Effect::Mouth numbing]]''' - Particularly when insufflated, leaves a numbing sensation in one's throat.
*'''[[Effect::Vibrating vision]]''' - At overly high dosages or binging a person's eyeballs may begin to spontaneously wiggle back and forth in a rapid motion, causing the vision to become blurry and temporarily out of focus. This is a condition known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nystagmus nystagmus].
*'''[[Effect::Frequent urination]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Frequent urination]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Dizziness]]''' - This effect can occur because of dehydration, sleep deprivation or with overly high doses and compulsive redoses.
*'''[[Effect::Tactile intensification]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Tactile intensification]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Appetite suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Appetite suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Pupil dilation]]'''  
*'''[[Effect::Pupil dilation]]'''  
*'''[[Effect::Teeth grinding]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Teeth grinding]]''' - This component can be considered to be less intense when compared with that of [[MDMA]].
*'''[[Effect::Orgasm suppresion]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Restless leg syndrome]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Restless leg syndrome]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Seizure]]''' - This is a rare effect but can likely happen in those predisposed to them, especially when taking heavy doses or redosing while in physically taxing conditions such as being dehydrated, undernourished, overheated or fatigued.
*'''[[Effect::Orgasm depression]]'''
 
*'''[[Effect::Temporary erectile dysfunction]]'''
 
*'''[[Effect::Seizure]]''' - This is a very rare effect but can likely happen in those predisposed to them, especially while in physically taxing conditions such as being dehydrated, undernourished, overheated, fatigued or when combining with other substances that lower the seizure threshold.
}}
{{effects/visual|
*'''[[Effect::Double vision]]''' - At overly high dosages, often accompied by *'''[[Effect::Vibrating vision]]''' also known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nystagmus nystagmus].
}}
}}
{{effects/cognitive|
{{effects/cognitive|


*'''[[Effect::Analysis enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety suppression]]
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety suppression]]
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety]] - Anxiety can occur if one's very sleep deprived, or with overly high doses.
*'''[[Effect::Amnesia]]''' - Heavy doses, and overdoses can cause partial or complete amnesia.
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Paranoia]]
*'''[[Effect::Creativity enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Compulsive redosing]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Disinhibition]]
*'''[[Effect::Disinhibition]]
*'''[[Effect::Delusion]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Empathy, affection, and sociability enhancement]]
*'''[[Effect::Empathy, affection, and sociability enhancement]]
*'''[[Effect::Ego inflation]]
*'''[[Effect::Ego inflation]]
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]
*'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Compulsive redosing]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Immersion enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Immersion enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased libido]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased libido]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Memory suppression]]''' - 2-MMC's positional isomer [[4-MMC]] has been shown to negatively impact short-term memory<ref>https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0045473</ref> and 2-MMC itself anecdotally is said to have immediate disruptive effects on memory.
*'''[[Effect::Memory suppression]]''' - 2-MMC's positional isomer [[4-MMC]] has been shown to negatively impact short-term memory<ref>https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0045473</ref> and 2-MMC itself anecdotally is said to have immediate disruptive effects on memory.
*'''[[Effect::Motivation enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Motivation enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Creativity enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought acceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought acceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Delirium]]''' & '''[[Effect::Confusion]]''' - This effect typically only occurs with overly high doses, and is associated with temperature dysregulation, sleep deprivation and overheating, particularly when 2-MMC is taken in crowded, physically strenuous environments that leaves the user unable to cool off, rest, or rehydrate adequately.
*'''[[Effect::Delirium]]''' & '''[[Effect::Confusion]]''' - This effect typically only occurs with overly high doses, and is associated with temperature dysregulation, sleep deprivation and overheating, particularly when 2-MMC is taken in crowded, physically strenuous environments that leaves the user unable to cool off, rest, or rehydrate adequately.
*'''[[Effect::Psychosis]]''' - 2-MMC has been reported to not induce psychosis even if one had a large dose compared to other bath salts like '''[[MDPV]]''' or '''[[A-PVP]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Psychosis]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Time distortion|Time compression]]''' - Strong feelings of time compression are commonly produced by 2-MMC and speed up the experience of time noticeably.
*'''[[Effect::Time distortion|Time compression]]''' - Strong feelings of time compression are commonly produced by 2-MMC and speed up the experience of time noticeably.
*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]'''
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{{effects/aftereffects|
{{effects/aftereffects|
The effects which occur during the [[offset]] of a [[stimulant]] experience generally feel negative and uncomfortable in comparison to the effects which occurred during its [[peak]]. This is often referred to as a "comedown" and occurs because of [[neurotransmitter]] depletion. Its effects commonly include:
The effects which occur during the [[offset]] of a [[stimulant]] experience generally feel negative and uncomfortable in comparison to the effects which occurred during its [[peak]]. This is often referred to as a "comedown" and occurs because of [[neurotransmitter]] depletion. Its effects commonly include:
*'''[[Effect::Appetite suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive fatigue]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive fatigue]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Irritability]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Delusion]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Muscle twitching]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Motivation suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Motivation suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Physical fatigue]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Physical fatigue]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Dizziness]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Derealization]]''' & '''[[Effect::Depersonalization]]'''
 
The "comedown" on 2-MMC is reported to be a smooth and clear gradual return to sobriety rather than a crash, which, by users is reported to be a lot less uncomfortable than traditional stimulant crash.
 
}}
}}
}}
}}
===Experience reports===
===Experience reports===
{{Experience reports|2-MMC|https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_2Methylmethcathinone.shtml}}
{{Experience reports|erowid_experience_substance_label=2-Methylmethcathinone}}


==Toxicity and harm potential==
==Toxicity and harm potential==
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{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Stimulants|self=[[Substituted cathinone|cathinone]]s}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Stimulants|self=[[Substituted cathinone|cathinone]]s}}
*'''[[MDMA]]''' - The neurotoxic effects of MDMA may be increased when combined with other stimulants.
*'''[[Cocaine]]''' - This combination may increase strain on the heart.
*'''[[Cocaine]]''' - This combination may increase strain on the heart.
*'''[[Alcohol]]''' - Combining alcohol with stimulants can be dangerous due to the risk of accidental over-intoxication. Stimulants mask alcohol's depressant effects, which is what most people use to assess their degree of intoxication. Once the stimulant wears off, the depressant effects will be left unopposed, which can result in blackouts and severe respiratory depression. If mixing, the user should strictly limit themselves to only drinking a certain amount of alcohol per hour.




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