Routes of administration: Difference between revisions

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===Risks===

Short-term side effects of insufflation includes nasal congestion, which may last for 24 hours.

Frequent insufflation of some substances can damage one's mucous membranes, induce bleeding, damage the nostril's cartilage and lining, burn the throat, and cause other trauma to the nasal passage and sinus area.<ref>{{Citation | title=Ask Erowid : ID 41 : Is snorting MDMA worse for you than taking it orally? | url=https://www.erowid.org/ask/ask.php?ID=41}}</ref> A [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_septum_perforation nasal septum perforation] is a medical condition in which the nasal septum, the bony/cartilaginous wall dividing the nasal cavities, develops a hole or fissure.

Also, sharing snorting equipment (nasal spray bottles, straws, banknotes, bullets, etc) has been linked to the transmission of hepatitis C. (Bonkovsky and Mehta) In one study, the University of Tennessee Medical Center researches warned that other blood-borne diseases such as HIV, the AIDS-causing virus, could be transmitted as well.<ref>{{Citation | year=2016 | title=Sharing Drug “Snorting Straws” Spreads Hepatitis C | url=https://consumer.healthday.com/infectious-disease-information-21/hepatitis-news-373/sharing-drug-snorting-straws-spreads-hepatitis-c-713114.html}}</ref> Drinking makes it harder to resist pressure and clouds your ability to make safe choices. Not only might you miss signs of danger, like blood stains on shared equipment, but alcohol weakens your immune system, making it easier to catch and spread viruses.

==Respiratory tract==

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 ===Risks===
 {{Template:Warning/Nasal administration}}
+Short-term side effects of insufflation includes nasal congestion, which may last for 24 hours.
+Frequent insufflation of some substances can damage one's mucous membranes, induce bleeding, damage the nostril's cartilage and lining, burn the throat, and cause other trauma to the nasal passage and sinus area.<ref>{{Citation | title=Ask Erowid : ID 41 : Is snorting MDMA worse for you than taking it orally? | url=https://www.erowid.org/ask/ask.php?ID=41}}</ref> A [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_septum_perforation nasal septum perforation] is a medical condition in which the nasal septum, the bony/cartilaginous wall dividing the nasal cavities, develops a hole or fissure.
+Also, sharing snorting equipment (nasal spray bottles, straws, banknotes, bullets, etc) has been linked to the transmission of hepatitis C. (Bonkovsky and Mehta) In one study, the University of Tennessee Medical Center researches warned that other blood-borne diseases such as HIV, the AIDS-causing virus, could be transmitted as well.<ref>{{Citation | year=2016 | title=Sharing Drug “Snorting Straws” Spreads Hepatitis C | url=https://consumer.healthday.com/infectious-disease-information-21/hepatitis-news-373/sharing-drug-snorting-straws-spreads-hepatitis-c-713114.html}}</ref> Drinking makes it harder to resist pressure and clouds your ability to make safe choices. Not only might you miss signs of danger, like blood stains on shared equipment, but alcohol weakens your immune system, making it easier to catch and spread viruses.
 ==Respiratory tract==