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Talk:Salbutamol: Difference between revisions
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==History and culture== | ==History and culture== | ||
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Salbutamol was discovered 1966, by a team lead by David Jack, the first medication launched was ''[[wikipedia:Ventolin|Ventolin]]''. Until today Salbutamol remains one of the most effective rescue inhalers {{citation needed}}.<ref name=SirDavidJack_telegraph> | |||
{{cite news|title=Sir David Jack, who has died aged 87, was the scientific brain behind the rise of the pharmaceuticals company Glaxo|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/finance-obituaries/8897458/Sir-David-Jack.html|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=17 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125011155/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/finance-obituaries/8897458/Sir-David-Jack.html|archive-date=25 November 2011}}</ref> | |||
Salbutamol has a history of being used for doping due to its bronchodilating effects.<ref name="Fitch 2017 pp. 977–982">{{cite journal | last=Fitch | first=Ken D. | title=The enigma of inhaled salbutamol and sport: unresolved after 45 years | journal=Drug Testing and Analysis | volume=9 | issue=7 | date=2017 | issn=1942-7603 | doi=10.1002/dta.2184 | pages=977–982}}</ref> | |||
==Chemistry== | ==Chemistry== | ||
{{chemistry}} | {{chemistry}} | ||
Salbutamol is sold as a [[wikipedia:racemic mixture|racemic mixture]]. The (R)-(−)-enantiomer (CIP nomenclature) is shown in the image at right (top), and is responsible for the pharmacologic activity; the (S)-(+)-enantiomer (bottom) blocks metabolic pathways associated with elimination of itself and of the pharmacologically active enantiomer (R)<ref name="PharmaXChange.info 2011 i568">{{cite web | last=Metha | first=Akul | title=Adrenergics and Cholinergic their Biosynthesis, Metabolism and Structure Activity Relationships | website=PharmaXChange.info | date=2011-01-27 | url=https://pharmaxchange.info/2011/01/medicinal-chemistry-of-the-peripheral-nervous-system-adrenergics-and-cholinergic-their-biosynthesis-metabolism-and-structure-activity-relationships/ | access-date=2024-03-12}}</ref> | |||
==Pharmacology== | ==Pharmacology== | ||
{{pharmacology}} | {{pharmacology}} | ||
Salbutamol acts on β2-adrenergic receptors inducing muscle relaxation.<ref name="Johnson Merrell Bounds 2024 s398">{{cite web | last=Johnson | first=Donavon B. | last2=Merrell | first2=Brigham J. | last3=Bounds | first3=Connor G. | title=Albuterol | publisher=StatPearls Publishing | date=2024-01-10 | pmid=29489143 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482272/ | access-date=2024-03-12}}</ref> | |||
===Parmacokinetics=== | |||
Inhaled Salbutamol affects bronchial muscles without entering the bloodstream. Trace amounts appear two to three hours after inhalation. | |||
Within 24h approximately 70% of the administered dose is eliminated.<ref name="Johnson Merrell Bounds 2024 s398">{{cite web | last=Johnson | first=Donavon B. | last2=Merrell | first2=Brigham J. | last3=Bounds | first3=Connor G. | title=Albuterol | publisher=StatPearls Publishing | date=2024-01-10 | pmid=29489143 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482272/ | access-date=2024-03-12}}</ref> | |||
==Subjective effects== | ==Subjective effects== | ||
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==Toxicity and harm potential== | ==Toxicity and harm potential== | ||
{{toxicity}} | {{toxicity}} | ||
'''Warning:''' Overdose can result in [[wikipedia:lactic acidosis|lactic acidosis]], [[wikipedia:arrhythmias|arrhythmias]], [[wikipedia:tremors|tremors]], [[wikipedia:hypoglykemia|hypoglykemia]] or [[wikipedia:hyperglykemia|hyperglykemia]].<ref name="Johnson Merrell Bounds 2024 s398">{{cite web | last=Johnson | first=Donavon B. | last2=Merrell | first2=Brigham J. | last3=Bounds | first3=Connor G. | title=Albuterol | publisher=StatPearls Publishing | date=2024-01-10 | pmid=29489143 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482272/ | access-date=2024-03-12}}</ref> | |||
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance. | It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance. | ||
===Lethal dosage=== | ===Lethal dosage=== | ||
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===Tolerance and addiction potential=== | ===Tolerance and addiction potential=== | ||
Salbutamol as physical dependence and addiction potential. Safe usage is about twice a week.<ref name="General Pharmaceutical Council 2022 u597">{{cite web | title=Patient safety spotlight: the risks of overprescribing Salbutamol inhalers for asthma | website=General Pharmaceutical Council | date=2022-05-31 | url=https://www.pharmacyregulation.org/regulate/article/patient-safety-spotlight-risks-overprescribing-salbutamol-inhalers-asthma | access-date=2024-03-12}}</ref> | |||
===Dangerous interactions=== | ===Dangerous interactions=== | ||
{{DangerousInteractions}} | {{DangerousInteractions}} | ||
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}} | {{DangerousInteractions/Intro}} | ||
*'''[[MAOIs]]''' Increased risk of adverse [[wikipedia:cardiovescular|cardiovescular]] events | |||
*'''[[wikipedia:Beta-blockers|Beta-blockers]]''' neutralize effects | |||
*'''[[wikipedia:Diuretics]]''' May worsen ECG changes and hypoglykemia | |||
*'''[[wikipedia:Digoxin|Digoxin]]''' | |||
==Legal status== | ==Legal status== | ||
{{LegalStub}} | {{LegalStub}} | ||
*'''Canada''': Salbutamol is a prescription-only medication.<ref>https://hpr-rps.hres.ca/index.php</ref> | |||
*'''Germany''': Salbutamol is a prescription-only medication. | |||
*'''United Kingdom''': Salbutamol is a prescription-only medication.<ref>https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/salbutamol-inhaler/about-salbutamol-inhalers/</ref> | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Responsible use]] | *'''[[Responsible use]]''' | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salbutamol Salbutamol (Wikipedia)] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salbutamol Salbutamol (Wikipedia)] | ||
*[https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB01001 Salbutamol (DrugBank)] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
<ref name="Johnson Merrell Bounds 2024 s398">{{cite web | last=Johnson | first=Donavon B. | last2=Merrell | first2=Brigham J. | last3=Bounds | first3=Connor G. | title=Albuterol | publisher=StatPearls Publishing | date=2024-01-10 | pmid=29489143 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482272/ | access-date=2024-03-12}}</ref> | |||
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]] | [[Category:Psychoactive substance]] | ||
[[Category:Stimulant]] | [[Category:Stimulant]] | ||
[[Category:Proofread]] | [[Category:Proofread]] | ||
[[Category:Approval]] | [[Category:Approval]] | ||