Substituted phenidates: Difference between revisions

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[[File:sphenidate.png|thumb|right|301px||Generic structure of a phenidate molecule.]]
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'''Substituted phenidates''' (also known as '''phenidates''') are a class of chemicals that include compounds that predominantly produce traditional [[stimulant]] effects when [[administered]]. They may be defined as esters of ritalinic acid and its analogs.
[[File:Substituted_phenidate.svg|thumb|right|301px||Generic structure of a phenidate molecule.]]
'''Substituted phenidates''' (also known as '''phenidates''') refer to a class of compounds that predominantly produce traditional [[stimulant]] effects when [[administered]]. A substituted phenidate may be defined as an ester of ritalinic acid and its analogs.


==Chemistry==
==Chemistry==
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==Pharmacology==
==Pharmacology==
{{pharmacology}}
{{pharmacology}}
Substituted phenidates primarily act as [[reuptake inhibitors]] of the [[monoamine]] [[neurotransmitters]] [[dopamine]] and [[norepinephrine]], with the occasional addition of [[serotonin]].{{citation needed}}
Substituted phenidates primarily act as [[reuptake inhibitors]] of the [[monoamine]] [[neurotransmitters]] [[dopamine]], [[norepinephrine]], and to a much lesser degree, [[serotonin]]. One study found that all substituted phenidates inhibited the norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake transporters 4 to >1,000-fold more potently than the serotonin transporter.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Luethi, D.)), ((Kaeser, P. J.)), ((Brandt, S. D.)), ((Krähenbühl, S.)), ((Hoener, M. C.)), ((Liechti, M. E.)) | journal=Neuropharmacology | title=Pharmacological profile of methylphenidate-based designer drugs | volume=134 | pages=133–140 | date= May 2018 | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0028390817303878 | issn=00283908 | doi=10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.08.020}}</ref>


== List of substituted phenidates ==
== List of substituted phenidates ==
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! scope="col" | '''Structure'''
! scope="col" | '''Structure'''
|-
|-
| [[Methylphenidate]] || H || H || CH<sub>3</sub> || [[File:Methyllphenidate.png|170px]]
| [[Methylphenidate]] || H || H || CH<sub>3</sub> || [[File:Methylphenidate.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| [[Ethylphenidate]] || H || H || CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> || [[File:Ethyllphenidate.png|170px]]
| [[Ethylphenidate]] || H || H || CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> || [[File:Ethylphenidate.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| [[Isopropylphenidate]] || H || H || CH(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> || [[File:Isopropylphenidate.png|170px]]
| [[Isopropylphenidate]] || H || H || CH(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> || [[File:Isopropylphenidate.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| Propylphenidate || H || H || CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> || [[File:Propylphenidate.png|170px]]
| Propylphenidate || H || H || CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> || [[File:Propylphenidate.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| 4-Methylmethylphenidate || H || CH<sub>3</sub> || CH<sub>3</sub> || [[File:4Me-MPH.png|171px]]
| 4-Methylmethylphenidate || H || CH<sub>3</sub> || CH<sub>3</sub> || [[File:4-Methylmethylphenidate.svg|171px]]
|-
|-
| [[3,4-CTMP]] || Cl || Cl || CH<sub>3</sub> || [[File:34-ctmp.png|171px]]
| [[3,4-CTMP]] || Cl || Cl || CH<sub>3</sub> || [[File:3,4-CTMP.svg|171px]]
|-
|-
| [[4F-MPH]] || H || F || CH<sub>3</sub> || [[File:4-Fluoromethylphenidate.png|171px]]
| [[4F-MPH]] || H || F || CH<sub>3</sub> || [[File:4F-MPH.svg|171px]]
|-
|-
| [[4F-EPH]] || H || F || CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> || [[File:4F-EPH.png|171px]]
| [[4F-EPH]] || H || F || CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> || [[File:4F-EPH.svg|171px]]
|-
|-
| [[Methylnaphthidate]] (''HDMP-28'') || CH=CH- || CH=CH- || CH<sub>3</sub> || [[File:Hdmp-28.png|170px]]
| [[Methylnaphthidate]] (''HDMP-28'') || CH=CH- || CH=CH- || CH<sub>3</sub> || [[File:Methylnaphthidate.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| Ethylnaphthidate (''HDEP-28'') || CH=CH- || CH=CH- || CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> || [[File:Ethylnaphthidate.png|170px]]
| Ethylnaphthidate (''HDEP-28'') || CH=CH- || CH=CH- || CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> || [[File:Ethylnaphthidate.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
|}
|}
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==See also==
==See also==
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Psychedelics]]
*[[Phenethylamines]]
*[[Phenethylamines]]
*[[Substituted amphetamine]]
*[[Substituted amphetamine]]
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*[[Stimulants]]
*[[Stimulants]]


[[Category:Phenidate]]
==External links==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_methylphenidate_analogues List of methylphenidate analogues (Wikipedia)]
 
==Literature==
* Luethi, D., Kaeser, P. J., Brandt, S. D., Krähenbühl, S., Hoener, M. C., & Liechti, M. E. (2017). Pharmacological profile of methylphenidate-based designer drugs. Neuropharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.08.020
 
==References==
<references />
 
[[Category:Chemical class]]
[[Category:Phenidate|*]]