Talk:Kanna: Difference between revisions

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==Pharmacology==

The main psychoactive effects of kanna are a result of its action as a potent serotonin reuptake inhibitor ([[SRI]]), a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphodiesterase-4_inhibitor PDE4 inhibitor], and ~~an upregulator of VMAT2~~ <ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874115302348?via%3Dihub</ref>.

The main psychoactive effects of kanna are a result of its action as a potent serotonin reuptake inhibitor ([[SRI]]), a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphodiesterase-4_inhibitor PDE4 inhibitor], and a monoamine releasing agent. <ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874115302348?via%3Dihub</ref>.

The VMAT2 upregulation produced by kanna is a compensatory response produced by stimulants such as cocaine and methylphenidate <ref>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16897597/</ref>. However, some online users have misinterpreted the findings of VMAT2 upregulation from kanna as evidence of being a different type of stimulant. This is false, and monoamine releasing agents upregulate VMAT2 as a compensatory mechanism, involved in tolerance. VMAT2 upregulation is evidence that a compound acts similar to monoamine releasers like cocaine and methylphenidate <ref>https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6757793/</ref>

The VMAT2 upregulation produced by kanna is thought to be responsible for the effects of kanna as a stimulant and euphoriant, due to the increase of dopamine and noradrenaline. The potent SSRI activity and PDE4 inhibition are thought to be mainly responsible for the antidepressant, anxiolytic, and sedating effects produced by kanna.

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Pharmacology

Mechanism of Action

Kanna primarily works by inhibiting serotonin reuptake, increasing serotonin levels in the synaptic cleft. This leads to mood enhancement, anxiolysis, and mild euphoria.

Additionally, the PDE4 inhibition by mesembrenone may contribute to neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory effects, and cognitive benefits (Lima et al., 2022).

Pharmacokinetics

Half-life: Not well-documented, but estimated to be 4–6 hours based on anecdotal reports.

Bioavailability:

Oral & sublingual: High

Intranasal: Moderate

Inhaled (smoked/vaporized): Low

More research is needed to determine the exact metabolic pathways and elimination rates of mesembrine alkaloids in humans.

[[User:Planlos69|Planlos69]] ([[User talk:Planlos69|talk]]) 09:49, 30 January 2025 (UTC)

==Subjective effects==

@@ Line 45: / Line 45: @@
 ==Pharmacology==
 {{pharmacology}}
-The main psychoactive effects of kanna are a result of its action as a potent serotonin reuptake inhibitor ([[SRI]]), a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphodiesterase-4_inhibitor PDE4 inhibitor], and an upregulator of VMAT2 <ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874115302348?via%3Dihub</ref>.
+The main psychoactive effects of kanna are a result of its action as a potent serotonin reuptake inhibitor ([[SRI]]), a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphodiesterase-4_inhibitor PDE4 inhibitor], and a monoamine releasing agent. <ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874115302348?via%3Dihub</ref>.
+The VMAT2 upregulation produced by kanna is a compensatory response produced by stimulants such as cocaine and methylphenidate <ref>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16897597/</ref>. However, some online users have misinterpreted the findings of VMAT2 upregulation from kanna as evidence of being a different type of stimulant. This is false, and monoamine releasing agents upregulate VMAT2 as a compensatory mechanism, involved in tolerance. VMAT2 upregulation is evidence that a compound acts similar to monoamine releasers like cocaine and methylphenidate <ref>https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6757793/</ref>
-The VMAT2 upregulation produced by kanna is thought to be responsible for the effects of kanna as a stimulant and euphoriant, due to the increase of dopamine and noradrenaline. The potent SSRI activity and PDE4 inhibition are thought to be mainly responsible for the antidepressant, anxiolytic, and sedating effects produced by kanna.
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+Pharmacology
+Mechanism of Action
+Kanna primarily works by inhibiting serotonin reuptake, increasing serotonin levels in the synaptic cleft. This leads to mood enhancement, anxiolysis, and mild euphoria.
+Additionally, the PDE4 inhibition by mesembrenone may contribute to neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory effects, and cognitive benefits (Lima et al., 2022).
+Pharmacokinetics
+Half-life: Not well-documented, but estimated to be 4–6 hours based on anecdotal reports.
+Bioavailability:
+Oral & sublingual: High
+Intranasal: Moderate
+Inhaled (smoked/vaporized): Low
+More research is needed to determine the exact metabolic pathways and elimination rates of mesembrine alkaloids in humans.
+ [[User:Planlos69|Planlos69]] ([[User talk:Planlos69|talk]]) 09:49, 30 January 2025 (UTC)
 ==Subjective effects==