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Talk:MMDA: Difference between revisions

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{{headerpanel|{{approval}}}}
{{SummarySheet}}
{{SummarySheet}}
{{SubstanceBox/MMDA}}
{{SubstanceBox/MMDA}}
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{{effectStub}}
{{effectStub}}
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}}
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}}
===Physical effects===
{{effects/base
|{{effects/physical|
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous tactile sensations]]''' - The "body high" of MMDA can be characterized as a moderate to extreme euphoric relaxing sensation that encompasses the entire body. It is capable of becoming overwhelmingly pleasurable at higher doses to the point of "flooring" or immobilizing the user. This sensation maintains a consistent presence that steadily rises with the onset and hits its limit once the peak has been reached.
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous tactile sensations]]''' - The "body high" of MMDA can be characterized as a moderate to extreme euphoric relaxing sensation that encompasses the entire body. It is capable of becoming overwhelmingly pleasurable at higher doses to the point of "flooring" or immobilizing the user. This sensation maintains a consistent presence that steadily rises with the onset and hits its limit once the peak has been reached.
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]'''<!-- - In terms of its effects on the user's physical energy levels, MMDA is commonly regarded as significantly less stimulating and energizing than MDMA, unlike MDMA, which encourages activities such as running, climbing and dancing in a way that makes it a popular choice for musical events such as festivals and raves. The distinct style of stimulation which MMDA presents can be described as mildly to moderately forced, trending more towards sedation and relaxation. This means that at higher doses, it becomes difficult or impossible to keep still as jaw clenching, involuntarily body shakes and vibrations become present, resulting in an extreme unsteadiness of the hands and a general lack of motor control, though to a far lesser degree than with MDMA. -->
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]'''<!-- - In terms of its effects on the user's physical energy levels, MMDA is commonly regarded as significantly less stimulating and energizing than MDMA, unlike MDMA, which encourages activities such as running, climbing and dancing in a way that makes it a popular choice for musical events such as festivals and raves. The distinct style of stimulation which MMDA presents can be described as mildly to moderately forced, trending more towards sedation and relaxation. This means that at higher doses, it becomes difficult or impossible to keep still as jaw clenching, involuntarily body shakes and vibrations become present, resulting in an extreme unsteadiness of the hands and a general lack of motor control, though to a far lesser degree than with MDMA. -->
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*'''[[Effect::Teeth grinding]]''' - This is a typical effect of [[entactogens]] such as MDMA and MDA.
*'''[[Effect::Teeth grinding]]''' - This is a typical effect of [[entactogens]] such as MDMA and MDA.
*'''[[Effect::Temporary erectile dysfunction]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Temporary erectile dysfunction]]'''
}}


===Cognitive effects===
{{effects/visual|
 
MMDA has pronounced imagery within its closed-eye visuals with scenes and stories.
 
====Enhancements====
MMDA presents an array of visual enhancements which at appropriately high doses produce a full spectrum of open-eye and closed-eye visuals. These generally include:
*'''[[Effect::Colour enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Pattern recognition enhancement]]'''
 
====Suppressions====
*'''[[Effect::Double vision]]'''
 
====Distortions====
*'''[[Effect::Tracers]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Symmetrical texture repetition]]'''
 
====Hallucinatory states====
MMDA is capable of producing a unique range of high level hallucinatory states in a fashion that is significantly more consistent and reproducible than that other [[entactogens]] but less that of many other commonly used [[psychedelic]]s. These effects are consistent at high dosages and commonly include:
*'''[[Effect::Peripheral information misinterpretation]]
*'''[[Effect::Internal hallucination]]'''
}}
 
|{{effects/cognitive|
The cognitive effects of MMDA can be broken down into several components which progressively intensify proportional to dosage. It contains a large number of typical [[Psychedelics|psychedelic]], [[Entactogens|entactogenic]] and [[Stimulants|stimulant]] cognitive effects.
The cognitive effects of MMDA can be broken down into several components which progressively intensify proportional to dosage. It contains a large number of typical [[Psychedelics|psychedelic]], [[Entactogens|entactogenic]] and [[Stimulants|stimulant]] cognitive effects.


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*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]''' - At low to common dosages, strong emotional euphoria and feelings of happiness are present within MMDA and are likely a direct result of serotonin and dopamine release. At higher dosages, the [[deliriant]] effects typically result in cognitive dysphoria.
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]''' - At low to common dosages, strong emotional euphoria and feelings of happiness are present within MMDA and are likely a direct result of serotonin and dopamine release. At higher dosages, the [[deliriant]] effects typically result in cognitive dysphoria.
*'''[[Effect::Empathy, love, and sociability enhancement]]''' - This particular effect is present, but not nearly as consistent, pronounced, powerful and therapeutic than one would experience with [[MDMA]] With time and repeated use, however, this effect becomes severely diminished as the perspective it instills becomes fully grounded and already in place, making people feel merely stimulated and euphoric with no new found urges to communicate, with others. Some users report that MDEA "loses its magic" with as few as 10 experiences, while others have reported hundreds of uses before the empathic qualities disappear. This does not appear to be valid for all users, however, with many users reporting that they have not experienced any decrease in quality of the experience despite dozens or even hundreds of uses.
*'''[[Effect::Empathy, love, and sociability enhancement]]''' - This particular effect is present, but not nearly as consistent, pronounced, powerful and therapeutic than one would experience with [[MDMA]] With time and repeated use, however, this effect becomes severely diminished as the perspective it instills becomes fully grounded and already in place, making people feel merely stimulated and euphoric with no new found urges to communicate, with others. Some users report that MMDA "loses its magic" with as few as 10 experiences, while others have reported hundreds of uses before the empathic qualities disappear. This does not appear to be valid for all users, however, with many users reporting that they have not experienced any decrease in quality of the experience despite dozens or even hundreds of uses.
*'''[[Effect::Time distortion]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Time distortion]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Unity and interconnectedness]]''' <!-- Experiences of unity, oneness and interconnectedness between level 1 - 2 are common within MMDA. -->
*'''[[Effect::Unity and interconnectedness]]''' <!-- Experiences of unity, oneness and interconnectedness between level 1 - 2 are common within MMDA. -->
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*'''[[Effect::Motivation enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Motivation enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought acceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought acceleration]]'''
}}


===Visual effects===
{{effects/auditory|
 
MMDA has pronounced imagery within its closed-eye visuals with scenes and stories.
 
====Enhancements====
MDEA presents an array of visual enhancements which at appropriately high doses produce a full spectrum of open-eye and closed-eye visuals. These generally include:
*'''[[Effect::Colour enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Pattern recognition enhancement]]'''
 
====Suppressions====
*'''[[Effect::Double vision]]'''
 
====Distortions====
*'''[[Effect::Tracers]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Symmetrical texture repetition]]'''
 
====Hallucinatory states====
MMDA is capable of producing a unique range of high level hallucinatory states in a fashion that is significantly more consistent and reproducible than that other [[entactogens]] but less that of many other commonly used [[psychedelic]]s. These effects are consistent at high dosages and commonly include:
*'''[[Effect::Peripheral information misinterpretation]]
*'''[[Effect::Internal hallucination]]'''
 
===Auditory effects===
*'''[[Effect::Auditory enhancement|Enhancements]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Auditory enhancement|Enhancements]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Auditory hallucinations|Hallucinations]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Auditory hallucinations|Hallucinations]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Auditory distortion|Distortions]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Auditory distortion|Distortions]]'''
}}


===After effects===
{{effects/aftereffects|
The effects which occur during the [[offset]] of a [[stimulant]] experience generally feel negative and uncomfortable in comparison to the effects which occurred during its [[peak]]. This is often referred to as a "comedown" and occurs because of [[neurotransmitter]] depletion. Its effects commonly include:
The effects which occur during the [[offset]] of a [[stimulant]] experience generally feel negative and uncomfortable in comparison to the effects which occurred during its [[peak]]. This is often referred to as a "comedown" and occurs because of [[neurotransmitter]] depletion. Its effects commonly include:
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]'''
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*'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]'''  
*'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]'''  
*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]'''
}}
}}
===Experience reports===
===Experience reports===
There are currently [[#ASK]] anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]]. Additional experience reports can be found here:
There are currently {{#ask: [[Category:MMDA]][[Category:Experience]]|format=ul|Columns=1}} anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]]. Additional experience reports can be found here:
* [https://erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_MMDA.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: MMDA]
* [https://erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_MMDA.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: MMDA]


==Toxicity and harm potential==
==Toxicity and harm potential==
===Short-term health concerns===
===Short-term health concerns===
Short-term physical health risks of MMDA consumption include [[dehydration]], [[insomnia]], [[hyperthermia]],<ref>Drug-induced hyperthermia | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1993.tb07423.x/abstract;jsessionid=FC30A9B157A2BAFC81048D8595714565.f02t03</ref><ref>Small changes in ambient temperature cause large changes in 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-induced serotonin neurotoxicity and core body temperature in the rat (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9634574</ref> and hyponatremia.<ref>Vasopressin and oxytocin secretion in response to the consumption of ecstasy in a clubbing population | http://jop.sagepub.com/content/20/3/400</ref> Continuous activity without sufficient rest or rehydration may cause body temperature to rise to dangerous levels, and loss of fluid via excessive perspiration puts the body at further risk as the stimulatory and euphoric qualities of the drug may render the user oblivious to their energy expenditure for quite some time. Diuretics such as alcohol may exacerbate these risks further.
Short-term physical health risks of MMDA consumption include [[dehydration]], [[insomnia]], [[hyperthermia]],<ref>Drug-induced hyperthermia | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1993.tb07423.x/abstract;jsessionid=FC30A9B157A2BAFC81048D8595714565.f02t03</ref><ref>Small changes in ambient temperature cause large changes in 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-induced serotonin neurotoxicity and core body temperature in the rat (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9634574</ref> and hyponatremia.<ref>Vasopressin and oxytocin secretion in response to the consumption of ecstasy in a clubbing population | http://jop.sagepub.com/content/20/3/400</ref> Continuous activity without sufficient rest or rehydration may cause body temperature to rise to dangerous levels, and loss of fluid via excessive perspiration puts the body at further risk as the stimulatory and euphoric qualities of the drug may render the user oblivious to their energy expenditure for quite some time. Diuretics such as alcohol may exacerbate these risks further.
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===Long-term health concerns===
===Long-term health concerns===
As with MDMA, the neurotoxicity of MDEA use has long been the subject of debate. Scientific study has resulted in the general agreement that, although it is physically safe to try in a responsible context, the administration of repeated or high dosages of MDEA is most certainly neurotoxic in some form.
The neurotoxicity of MMDA is currently not known, but it can be assumed to posess a similar or greater neurotoxicity than [[MDMA]] and more compareable to [[MDA]]. Scientific study has resulted in the general agreement that, although it is physically safe to try in a responsible context, the administration of repeated or high dosages of MMDA is most likely neurotoxic in some form.


Like other powerful serotonin releasing agents, MDEA is thought to cause down-regulation of [[serotonin]] reuptake transporters in the brain. The rate at which the brain recovers from serotonergic changes is unclear. One study demonstrated lasting serotonergic changes in some animals exposed to MDMA, which likely applies to MDEA as well.<ref>Reorganization of ascending 5-HT axon projections in animals previously exposed to the recreational drug (+/-)3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDEA, "ecstasy") (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7643196</ref> Other studies have suggested that the brain may recover from serotonergic damage.<ref>In vivo detection of short- and long-term MDEA neurotoxicity--a positron emission tomography study in the living baboon brain (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9593108</ref><ref>Reneman L, Lavalaye J, Schmand B, de Wolff FA, van den Brink W, den Heeten GJ, Booij J (2001). "Cortical serotonin transporter density and verbal memory in individuals who stopped using 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDEA or "ecstasy"): preliminary findings". Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 58 (10): 901–6. </ref><ref>Selvaraj, S. et al (2009) "Brain Serotonin transporter binding in former users of MDEA ("ecstasy")." British Journal of Psychiatry. 194: 355-359. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19336788</ref>
Like other powerful serotonin releasing agents, MMDA is thought to cause down-regulation of [[serotonin]] reuptake transporters in the brain. The rate at which the brain recovers from serotonergic changes is unclear. One study demonstrated lasting serotonergic changes in some animals exposed to MDMA, which likely applies to MMDA as well.<ref>Reorganization of ascending 5-HT axon projections in animals previously exposed to the recreational drug (+/-)3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy") (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7643196</ref>  


Like with MDMA, the long-term heavy use of MDEA is likely similarly cardiotoxic, leading to valvulopathy through its actions on the 5-HT2B receptor.<ref> Drug-induced Valvulopathy: An Update | tpx.sagepub.com/content/38/6/837.full</ref> In one study, 28% of long-term users (2-3 doses per week for a mean of 6 years, mean of age 24.3 years) had developed clinically evident valvular heart disease.<ref>Possible association between 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine abuse and valvular heart disease. (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17950805</ref>
<!--
Other studies have suggested that the brain may recover from serotonergic damage.<ref>In vivo detection of short- and long-term MDMA neurotoxicity--a positron emission tomography study in the living baboon brain (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9593108</ref><ref>Reneman L, Lavalaye J, Schmand B, de Wolff FA, van den Brink W, den Heeten GJ, Booij J (2001). "Cortical serotonin transporter density and verbal memory in individuals who stopped using 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or "ecstasy"): preliminary findings". Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 58 (10): 901–6. </ref><ref>Selvaraj, S. et al (2009) "Brain Serotonin transporter binding in former users of MDMA ("ecstasy")." British Journal of Psychiatry. 194: 355-359. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19336788</ref>
 
-->
 
Like with MDMA, the long-term heavy use of MMDA is likely similarly or even more cardiotoxic, leading to valvulopathy through its actions on the 5-HT2B receptor.<ref> Drug-induced Valvulopathy: An Update | tpx.sagepub.com/content/38/6/837.full</ref> In one study, 28% of long-term users (2-3 doses per week for a mean of 6 years, mean of age 24.3 years) had developed clinically evident valvular heart disease.<ref>Possible association between 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine abuse and valvular heart disease. (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17950805</ref>


It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this drug.
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this drug.


===Tolerance and addiction potential===
===Tolerance and addiction potential===
As with other [[stimulant]]s, the chronic use of MDEA can be considered [[Addiction potential::moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.
As with other [[stimulant]]s, the chronic use of MMDA can be considered [[Addiction potential::moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.


Tolerance to many of the effects of MDEA develops [[Time to full tolerance::with prolonged and repeated use]]. This results in users having to administer increasingly larger doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::1 months]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::2-3 months]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). MDEA presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[dopamine]]rgic and [[serotonin|serotonergic]] [[stimulant]]s and entactogens]], meaning that after the consumption of MDEA all of these will have a reduced effect.
Tolerance to many of the effects of MMDA develops [[Time to full tolerance::with prolonged and repeated use]]. This results in users having to administer increasingly larger doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::1 months]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::2-3 months]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). MMDA presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[dopamine]]rgic and [[serotonin|serotonergic]] [[stimulant]]s and entactogens]], meaning that after the consumption of MMDA all of these will have a reduced effect.


===Dangerous interactions===
===Dangerous interactions===
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Stimulants|self=MDEA}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Stimulants|self=MMDA}}
{{DangerousInteractions/MAOI|nt=dopamine}}
{{DangerousInteractions/MAOI|nt=dopamine}}
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::Stimulants]]''' - The neurotoxic effects of MDEA may be increased when combined with other stimulants.
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::Stimulants]]''' - The neurotoxic effects of MMDA may be increased when combined with other stimulants.
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::Cocaine]]''' - This combination may increase strain on the heart.
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::Cocaine]]''' - This combination may increase strain on the heart.


====[[Serotonin syndrome]] risk====
====[[Serotonin syndrome]] risk====
{{DangerousInteractions/SerotoninSyndrome}}   
{{DangerousInteractions/SerotoninSyndrome}}   
There is an increased risk of serotonin syndrome when MDEA is taken with many antidepressants, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Additionally, if MDEA is taken with SSRIs and SNRIs, the MDEA will be significantly less powerful or may have no distinguishable effects at all.
There is an increased risk of serotonin syndrome when MMDA is taken with many antidepressants, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Additionally, if MMDA is taken with SSRIs and SNRIs, the MMDA will be significantly less powerful or may have no distinguishable effects at all.


==Legal issues==
==Legal status==
{{LegalStub}}
{{LegalStub}}
*'''UK:''' MDEA is a Class A drug.
*'''UK:''' MMDA is a Class A drug.{{citation needed}}
*'''USA:''' MDEA is a Schedule I drug.
*'''China:'''MMDA is a Schedule I controlled substance
 
==See also==
==See also==
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Responsible use]]
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*[[wikipedia:MMDA (drug)|MMDA (drug) (Wikipedia)]]
*[[wikipedia:MMDA (drug)|MMDA (drug) (Wikipedia)]]
*[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=132 MMDA (Isomer Design)]
*[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=132 MMDA (Isomer Design)]
*[https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB01442 MMDA (DrugBank)]
*[http://www.rollsafe.org/ RollSafe]
*[http://www.rollsafe.org/ RollSafe]


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