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{{headerpanel|{{Approval}}}} | {{headerpanel|{{Approval}}}} | ||
{{SummarySheet}} | {{SummarySheet}} | ||
{{SubstanceBox/Aripiprazole}} | |||
'''Aripiprazole''' (branded as '''Abilify''', '''Aristada''' among others) is an atypical [[psychoactive class::antipsychotic]] approved for the treatment of schizophrenia, [[psychosis]], bipolar disorder, and along with an antidepressant to treat major depressive disorder. | |||
== History and culture == | ==History and culture== | ||
Aripiprazole, developed by Otsuka Pharmaceutical and marketed as Abilify among others, was first approved in Japan in 2002 and subsequently in the United States. It was a novel development in the field of atypical antipsychotics, primarily intended for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder treatment. Over time, its use expanded to include treatment of major depressive disorder and irritability in autism spectrum disorders. | Aripiprazole, developed by Otsuka Pharmaceutical and marketed as Abilify among others, was first approved in Japan in 2002 and subsequently in the United States. It was a novel development in the field of atypical [[antipsychotics]], primarily intended for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder treatment. Over time, its use expanded to include treatment of major depressive disorder and [[irritability]] in autism spectrum disorders. | ||
== Chemistry == | ==Chemistry== | ||
Aripiprazole is a synthetic substance of the quinolinone class and is structurally distinct from other atypical antipsychotics. Its molecular formula is | Aripiprazole is a synthetic substance of the quinolinone class and is structurally distinct from other atypical antipsychotics. Its molecular formula is C<sub>23</sub>H<sub>27</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>N<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, and it has a unique mechanism of action as a dopamine-serotonin system stabilizer. | ||
== Pharmacology == | ==Pharmacology== | ||
Aripiprazole's primary mechanism involves acting as a partial agonist at dopamine D2 and D3 receptors and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors, while also serving as an antagonist at serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. This dual action contributes to its efficacy in treating both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. It also exhibits moderate affinity for histamine, adrenergic, and muscarinic receptors, contributing to some of its side effects. | Aripiprazole's primary mechanism involves acting as a [[agonist|partial agonist]] at [[dopamine]] D2 and D3 receptors and [[serotonin|serotonin 5-HT1A]] receptors, while also serving as an [[antagonist]] at [[serotonin|serotonin 5-HT2A]] receptors. This dual action contributes to its efficacy in treating both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. It also exhibits moderate affinity for [[histamine]], [[adrenergic]], and muscarinic receptors, contributing to some of its side effects. | ||
== Subjective effects == | ==Subjective effects== | ||
{{EffectStub}} | {{EffectStub}} | ||
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}} | {{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}} | ||
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* '''[[Effect::Sedation]]''' - A common effect, manifesting as general lethargy or sleepiness. | * '''[[Effect::Sedation]]''' - A common effect, manifesting as general lethargy or sleepiness. | ||
* '''[[Effect::Weight gain]]''' - Often reported, especially with long-term use. | * '''[[Effect::Weight gain]]''' - Often reported, especially with long-term use. | ||
* '''[[Effect:: | * '''[[Effect::Nausea]]''' | ||
* '''[[Effect::Constipation]]''' | |||
* '''[[Effect::Headache]]''' - Some users may experience mild to moderate headaches. | * '''[[Effect::Headache]]''' - Some users may experience mild to moderate headaches. | ||
* '''[[Effect::Dizziness]]''' - Particularly when standing up quickly or moving suddenly. | * '''[[Effect::Dizziness]]''' - Particularly when standing up quickly or moving suddenly. | ||
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{{effects/cognitive| | |{{effects/cognitive| | ||
Cognitive effects of Aripiprazole can include: | Cognitive effects of Aripiprazole can include: | ||
* '''[[Effect:: | * '''[[Effect::Focus intensification]]''' - Beneficial in conditions with attention deficits. | ||
* '''[[Effect:: | * '''[[Effect::Analysis suppression]]''' - A feeling of reduced cognitive sharpness. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]''' | |||
* '''[[Effect::Decreased hallucinations]]''' - Particularly effective in reducing auditory hallucinations in psychosis. | * '''[[Effect::Decreased hallucinations]]''' - Particularly effective in reducing auditory hallucinations in psychosis. | ||
* '''[[Effect:: | * '''[[Effect::Emotion suppression]]''' - Helps in mood stabilization, especially in bipolar disorder. | ||
* '''[[Effect::Anxiety | *'''[[Effect::Sleepiness]]''' | ||
* '''[[Effect::Anxiety suppression]]''' - Can lower general anxiety levels. | |||
* '''[[Effect::Insomnia]]''' - Difficulty falling or staying asleep in some individuals. | * '''[[Effect::Insomnia]]''' - Difficulty falling or staying asleep in some individuals. | ||
* '''[[Effect::Memory | * '''[[Effect::Memory suppression|Short-term memory suppression]]''' - In rare cases, may affect short-term memory. | ||
}} | }} | ||
}} | }} | ||
== Experience reports == | ==Experience reports== | ||
There are a limited number of experience reports for Aripiprazole given its medical usage, but some can be found in the [[experience index]] and on external platforms like Erowid. | There are a limited number of experience reports for Aripiprazole given its medical usage, but some can be found in the [[experience index]] and on external platforms like Erowid. | ||
== Toxicity and harm potential == | ==Toxicity and harm potential== | ||
{{toxicity}} | {{toxicity}} | ||
Although generally safe at therapeutic doses, Aripiprazole overdose can lead to severe symptoms like seizures, vomiting, and agitation. Long-term use may increase the risk of metabolic syndrome. | Although generally safe at therapeutic doses, Aripiprazole overdose can lead to severe symptoms like seizures, vomiting, and agitation. Long-term use may increase the risk of metabolic syndrome. | ||
=== Lethal dosage === | ===Lethal dosage=== | ||
The lethal dosage of Aripiprazole is not well-established, but it is considered to have a high therapeutic index. | The lethal dosage of Aripiprazole is not well-established, but it is considered to have a high therapeutic index. | ||
=== Tolerance and addiction potential === | ===Tolerance and addiction potential=== | ||
Aripiprazole has a low potential for abuse and addiction. Tolerance development is minimal. | Aripiprazole has a low potential for abuse and addiction. Tolerance development is minimal. | ||
=== Dangerous interactions === | ===Dangerous interactions=== | ||
Aripiprazole should not be combined with other substances that depress the central nervous system, such as alcohol, benzodiazepines, or opioids. | Aripiprazole should not be combined with other substances that depress the central nervous system, such as alcohol, benzodiazepines, or opioids. | ||
== Legal status == | ==Legal status== | ||
{{LegalStub}} | {{LegalStub}} | ||
Aripiprazole is a prescription medication in many countries. Its legal status varies, but it is generally regulated and available only with a doctor's prescription. | Aripiprazole is a prescription medication in many countries. Its legal status varies, but it is generally regulated and available only with a doctor's prescription. | ||
== See also == | ==See also== | ||
* [[Responsible use]] | * [[Responsible use]] | ||
== External links == | ==External links== | ||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aripiprazole Aripiprazole (Wikipedia)] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aripiprazole Aripiprazole (Wikipedia)] | ||
* [https:// | *[https://isomerdesign.com/pihkal/explore/9511 Aripiprazole (Isomer Design)] | ||
*[https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB01238 Aripiprazole (DrugBank)] | |||
*[https://www.drugs.com/aripiprazole.html Aripiprazole (Drugs.com)] | |||
* | |||
== References == | ==References== | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Category:Proofread]][[Category:Approval]] | [[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Category:Proofread]][[Category:Approval]] | ||