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{{headerpanel|{{Approval}}}}
{{SummarySheet}}
{{SummarySheet}}
{{SubstanceBox/Aripiprazole}}
{{SubstanceBox/Aripiprazole}}
'''Aripiprazole''' (branded as '''Abilify''', '''Aristada''' among others) is an atypical [[psychoactive class::antipsychotic]] approved for the treatment of schizophrenia, psychosis, bipolar disorder, and along with an antidepressant to treat major depressive disorder.


Aripiprazole was developed by "Ostuka-group" from Japan as an improvement from first-generation antipsychotics. The active molecule was originally found by the US based Bristol-Myers Squibb.
'''Aripiprazole''' (branded as '''Abilify''', '''Aristada''' among others) is an atypical [[psychoactive class::antipsychotic]] approved for the treatment of schizophrenia, [[psychosis]], bipolar disorder, and along with an antidepressant to treat major depressive disorder.
 
==History and culture==
Aripiprazole, developed by Otsuka Pharmaceutical and marketed as Abilify among others, was first approved in Japan in 2002 and subsequently in the United States. It was a novel development in the field of atypical [[antipsychotics]], primarily intended for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder treatment. Over time, its use expanded to include treatment of major depressive disorder and [[irritability]] in autism spectrum disorders.
 
==Chemistry==
Aripiprazole is a synthetic substance of the quinolinone class and is structurally distinct from other atypical antipsychotics. Its molecular formula is C<sub>23</sub>H<sub>27</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>N<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, and it has a unique mechanism of action as a dopamine-serotonin system stabilizer.
 
==Pharmacology==
Aripiprazole's primary mechanism involves acting as a [[agonist|partial agonist]] at [[dopamine]] D2 and D3 receptors and [[serotonin|serotonin 5-HT1A]] receptors, while also serving as an [[antagonist]] at [[serotonin|serotonin 5-HT2A]] receptors. This dual action contributes to its efficacy in treating both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. It also exhibits moderate affinity for [[histamine]], [[adrenergic]], and muscarinic receptors, contributing to some of its side effects.
 
==Subjective effects==
{{EffectStub}}
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}}
{{effects/base
 
|{{effects/physical|
Physical effects of Aripiprazole can vary but generally include:
 
* '''[[Effect::Sedation]]''' - A common effect, manifesting as general lethargy or sleepiness.
* '''[[Effect::Weight gain]]''' - Often reported, especially with long-term use.
* '''[[Effect::Nausea]]'''
* '''[[Effect::Constipation]]'''
* '''[[Effect::Headache]]''' - Some users may experience mild to moderate headaches.
* '''[[Effect::Dizziness]]''' - Particularly when standing up quickly or moving suddenly.
* '''[[Effect::Restlessness]]''' - A feeling of needing to move, sometimes known as akathisia.
* '''[[Effect::Tremors]]''' - Minor shaking, especially in the hands.
* '''[[Effect::Dry mouth]]''' - A decrease in saliva production.
 
}}
|{{effects/cognitive|
Cognitive effects of Aripiprazole can include:
 
* '''[[Effect::Focus intensification]]''' - Beneficial in conditions with attention deficits.
* '''[[Effect::Analysis suppression]]''' - A feeling of reduced cognitive sharpness.
*'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]'''
* '''[[Effect::Decreased hallucinations]]''' - Particularly effective in reducing auditory hallucinations in psychosis.
* '''[[Effect::Emotion suppression]]''' - Helps in mood stabilization, especially in bipolar disorder.
*'''[[Effect::Sleepiness]]'''
* '''[[Effect::Anxiety suppression]]''' - Can lower general anxiety levels.
* '''[[Effect::Insomnia]]''' - Difficulty falling or staying asleep in some individuals.
* '''[[Effect::Memory suppression|Short-term memory suppression]]''' - In rare cases, may affect short-term memory.
}}
}}
 
==Experience reports==
There are a limited number of experience reports for Aripiprazole given its medical usage, but some can be found in the [[experience index]] and on external platforms like Erowid.
 
==Toxicity and harm potential==
{{toxicity}}
Although generally safe at therapeutic doses, Aripiprazole overdose can lead to severe symptoms like seizures, vomiting, and agitation. Long-term use may increase the risk of metabolic syndrome.
 
===Lethal dosage===
The lethal dosage of Aripiprazole is not well-established, but it is considered to have a high therapeutic index.
 
===Tolerance and addiction potential===
Aripiprazole has a low potential for abuse and addiction. Tolerance development is minimal.
 
===Dangerous interactions===
Aripiprazole should not be combined with other substances that depress the central nervous system, such as alcohol, benzodiazepines, or opioids.


===Schizophrenia===
==Legal status==
The 2016 [[NICE]] guidance for treating psychosis and schizophrenia in children and young people recommended aripiprazole as a second line treatment after [[risperidone]] for people between 15 and 17 who are having an acute exacerbation or recurrence of psychosis or schizophrenia.<ref>{{cite web |title=Psychosis and schizophrenia in children and young people: recognition and management {{!}} Guidance and guidelines {{!}} NICE |url=https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg155/chapter/Recommendations |publisher=NICE |date=October 2016}}</ref> A 2014 NICE review of the depot formulation of the drug found that it might have a role in treatment as an alternative to other depot formulations of second generation antipsychotics for people who have trouble taking medication as directed or who prefer it.<ref>{{cite web |title=Schizophrenia: aripiprazole prolonged-release suspension for injection {{!}} Guidance and guidelines {{!}} NICE |url=https://www.nice.org.uk/advice/esnm39/chapter/Key-points-from-the-evidence |publisher=NICE |date=24 July 2013}}</ref>
{{LegalStub}}
Aripiprazole is a prescription medication in many countries. Its legal status varies, but it is generally regulated and available only with a doctor's prescription.


==Adverse effects==
==See also==
{{See also|List of adverse effects of aripiprazole}}
* [[Responsible use]]


In adults, side effects with greater than 10% incidence include weight gain, headache, [[akathisia]], insomnia, and gastro-intestinal effects like nausea and constipation, and lightheadedness.<ref name = DM/><ref name = EMC/><ref name = EMA/><ref name = ABILIFY/><ref name="WebMD"/> Side effects in children are similar, and include sleepiness, increased appetite, and stuffy nose.<ref name = ABILIFY/> A strong desire to gamble, binge eat, shop, and engage in sexual activity may also occur.<ref name="FDA impulse control">{{cite web |date=3 May 2016 |title=Aripiprazole (Abilify, Abilify Maintena, Aristada): Drug Safety Communication - FDA Warns About New Impulse-control Problems |url=https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-drug-safety-communication-fda-warns-about-new-impulse-control-problems-associated-mental-health |access-date=4 May 2016 |website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA)}}</ref><ref name="pmid26658263">{{cite journal | vauthors = Grall-Bronnec M, Sauvaget A, Perrouin F, Leboucher J, Etcheverrigaray F, Challet-Bouju G, Gaboriau L, Derkinderen P, Jolliet P, Victorri-Vigneau C | display-authors = 6 | title = Pathological Gambling Associated With Aripiprazole or Dopamine Replacement Therapy: Do Patients Share the Same Features? A Review | journal = Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology | volume = 36 | issue = 1 | pages = 63–70 | date = February 2016 | pmid = 26658263 | pmc = 4700874 | doi = 10.1097/JCP.0000000000000444 }}</ref>
==External links==
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aripiprazole Aripiprazole (Wikipedia)]
*[https://isomerdesign.com/pihkal/explore/9511 Aripiprazole (Isomer Design)]
*[https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB01238 Aripiprazole (DrugBank)]
*[https://www.drugs.com/aripiprazole.html Aripiprazole (Drugs.com)]


Uncontrolled movement such as restlessness, tremors, and muscle stiffness may occur.<ref name = ABILIFY/>  
==References==
<references />


There seems to be no recreational ways for using aripiprazole.
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Category:Proofread]][[Category:Approval]]
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