Talk:Aripiprazole: Difference between revisions

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~~'''~~Aripiprazole''' (branded as '''Abilify''', '''Aristada''' among others) is an atypical [[psychoactive class::antipsychotic]] approved for the treatment of schizophrenia, psychosis, bipolar disorder, and along with an antidepressant to treat major depressive disorder.

{{headerpanel|{{Approval}}}}

Aripiprazole ~~was developed by "Ostuka-group" from Japan~~ as an ~~improvement from first-generation antipsychotics. The active molecule was originally found by~~ the ~~US based Bristol-Myers Squibb~~.

'''Aripiprazole''' (branded as '''Abilify''', '''Aristada''' among others) is an atypical [[psychoactive class::antipsychotic]] approved for the treatment of schizophrenia, [[psychosis]], bipolar disorder, and along with an antidepressant to treat major depressive disorder.

==~~=Schizophrenia=~~==

==History and culture==

~~The 2016 [[NICE]] guidance for treating psychosis~~ and ~~schizophrenia~~ in ~~children~~ and ~~young people recommended aripiprazole as~~ a ~~second line treatment after~~ [[~~risperidone~~]] for ~~people between 15 and 17 who are having an acute exacerbation or recurrence of psychosis or~~ schizophrenia~~.<ref>{{cite web |title=Psychosis~~ and ~~schizophrenia in children and young people: recognition and management {{!}} Guidance and guidelines {{!}} NICE |url=https://www~~.~~nice.org.uk/guidance/cg155/chapter/Recommendations |publisher=NICE |date=October 2016}}</ref> A 2014 NICE review of the depot formulation of the drug found that it might have a role in~~ treatment ~~as an alternative to other depot formulations~~ of second generation antipsychotics for people who have trouble taking medication as directed or who prefer it.<ref>{{cite web |title=Schizophrenia: aripiprazole prolonged-release suspension for injection {{!}} Guidance and ~~guidelines {{!}} NICE |url=https://www.nice~~.~~org.uk/advice/esnm39/chapter/Key-points-from-the-evidence |publisher=NICE |date=24 July 2013}}</ref>~~

Aripiprazole, developed by Otsuka Pharmaceutical and marketed as Abilify among others, was first approved in Japan in 2002 and subsequently in the United States. It was a novel development in the field of atypical [[antipsychotics]], primarily intended for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder treatment. Over time, its use expanded to include treatment of major depressive disorder and [[irritability]] in autism spectrum disorders.

==~~Adverse effects~~==

==Chemistry==

Aripiprazole is a synthetic substance of the quinolinone class and is structurally distinct from other atypical antipsychotics. Its molecular formula is C23H27Cl2N3O2, and it has a unique mechanism of action as a dopamine-serotonin system stabilizer.

~~In adults, side effects with greater than 10% incidence include weight gain, headache,~~ [[~~akathisia~~]]~~, insomnia,~~ and ~~gastro~~-~~intestinal effects like~~ [[~~nausea~~]] ~~and constipation, and lightheadedness~~. ~~Side effects~~ in ~~children are similar,~~ and ~~include sleepiness~~, ~~increased appetite~~, and ~~stuffy nose. A strong desire~~ to ~~gamble, binge eat, shop, and engage in sexual activity may also occur~~.

==Pharmacology==

Aripiprazole's primary mechanism involves acting as a [[agonist|partial agonist]] at [[dopamine]] D2 and D3 receptors and [[serotonin|serotonin 5-HT1A]] receptors, while also serving as an [[antagonist]] at [[serotonin|serotonin 5-HT2A]] receptors. This dual action contributes to its efficacy in treating both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. It also exhibits moderate affinity for [[histamine]], [[adrenergic]], and muscarinic receptors, contributing to some of its side effects.

~~Uncontrolled movement such as restlessness, tremors, and muscle stiffness may occur.~~

==Subjective effects==

{{effects/base

There ~~seems~~ to ~~be no recreational ways~~ for ~~using aripiprazole~~. It should be ~~also noted~~ that ~~aripiprazole does not work~~ as a ~~viable "tripkiller" for~~ [[~~phenethylamine~~]] ~~class psychedelics~~.

|{{effects/physical|

Physical effects of Aripiprazole can vary but generally include:

* '''[[Effect::Sedation]]''' - A common effect, manifesting as general lethargy or sleepiness.

* '''[[Effect::Weight gain]]''' - Often reported, especially with long-term use.

* '''[[Effect::Nausea]]'''

* '''[[Effect::Constipation]]'''

* '''[[Effect::Headache]]''' - Some users may experience mild to moderate headaches.

* '''[[Effect::Dizziness]]''' - Particularly when standing up quickly or moving suddenly.

* '''[[Effect::Restlessness]]''' - A feeling of needing to move, sometimes known as akathisia.

* '''[[Effect::Tremors]]''' - Minor shaking, especially in the hands.

* '''[[Effect::Dry mouth]]''' - A decrease in saliva production.

}}

|{{effects/cognitive|

Cognitive effects of Aripiprazole can include:

* '''[[Effect::Focus intensification]]''' - Beneficial in conditions with attention deficits.

* '''[[Effect::Analysis suppression]]''' - A feeling of reduced cognitive sharpness.

*'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]'''

* '''[[Effect::Decreased hallucinations]]''' - Particularly effective in reducing auditory hallucinations in psychosis.

* '''[[Effect::Emotion suppression]]''' - Helps in mood stabilization, especially in bipolar disorder.

*'''[[Effect::Sleepiness]]'''

* '''[[Effect::Anxiety suppression]]''' - Can lower general anxiety levels.

* '''[[Effect::Insomnia]]''' - Difficulty falling or staying asleep in some individuals.

* '''[[Effect::Memory suppression|Short-term memory suppression]]''' - In rare cases, may affect short-term memory.

}}

==Experience reports==

There are a limited number of experience reports for Aripiprazole given its medical usage, but some can be found in the [[experience index]] and on external platforms like Erowid.

==Toxicity and harm potential==

Although generally safe at therapeutic doses, Aripiprazole overdose can lead to severe symptoms like seizures, vomiting, and agitation. Long-term use may increase the risk of metabolic syndrome.

===Lethal dosage===

The lethal dosage of Aripiprazole is not well-established, but it is considered to have a high therapeutic index.

===Tolerance and addiction potential===

Aripiprazole has a low potential for abuse and addiction. Tolerance development is minimal.

===Dangerous interactions===

Aripiprazole should not be combined with other substances that depress the central nervous system, such as alcohol, benzodiazepines, or opioids.

==Legal status==

Aripiprazole is a prescription medication in many countries. Its legal status varies, but it is generally regulated and available only with a doctor's prescription.

==See also==

* [[Responsible use]]

==External links==

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aripiprazole Aripiprazole (Wikipedia)]

*[https://isomerdesign.com/pihkal/explore/9511 Aripiprazole (Isomer Design)]

*[https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB01238 Aripiprazole (DrugBank)]

*[https://www.drugs.com/aripiprazole.html Aripiprazole (Drugs.com)]

==References==

[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Category:Proofread]][[Category:Approval]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Aripiprazole''' (branded as '''Abilify''', '''Aristada''' among others) is an atypical [[psychoactive class::antipsychotic]] approved for the treatment of schizophrenia, psychosis, bipolar disorder, and along with an antidepressant to treat major depressive disorder.
+{{headerpanel|{{Approval}}}}
+{{SummarySheet}}
+{{SubstanceBox/Aripiprazole}}
-Aripiprazole was developed by "Ostuka-group" from Japan as an improvement from first-generation antipsychotics. The active molecule was originally found by the US based Bristol-Myers Squibb.
+'''Aripiprazole''' (branded as '''Abilify''', '''Aristada''' among others) is an atypical [[psychoactive class::antipsychotic]] approved for the treatment of schizophrenia, [[psychosis]], bipolar disorder, and along with an antidepressant to treat major depressive disorder.
-===Schizophrenia===
+==History and culture==
-The 2016 [[NICE]] guidance for treating psychosis and schizophrenia in children and young people recommended aripiprazole as a second line treatment after [[risperidone]] for people between 15 and 17 who are having an acute exacerbation or recurrence of psychosis or schizophrenia.<ref>{{cite web |title=Psychosis and schizophrenia in children and young people: recognition and management {{!}} Guidance and guidelines {{!}} NICE |url=https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg155/chapter/Recommendations |publisher=NICE |date=October 2016}}</ref> A 2014 NICE review of the depot formulation of the drug found that it might have a role in treatment as an alternative to other depot formulations of second generation antipsychotics for people who have trouble taking medication as directed or who prefer it.<ref>{{cite web |title=Schizophrenia: aripiprazole prolonged-release suspension for injection {{!}} Guidance and guidelines {{!}} NICE |url=https://www.nice.org.uk/advice/esnm39/chapter/Key-points-from-the-evidence |publisher=NICE |date=24 July 2013}}</ref>
+Aripiprazole, developed by Otsuka Pharmaceutical and marketed as Abilify among others, was first approved in Japan in 2002 and subsequently in the United States. It was a novel development in the field of atypical [[antipsychotics]], primarily intended for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder treatment. Over time, its use expanded to include treatment of major depressive disorder and [[irritability]] in autism spectrum disorders.
-==Adverse effects==
+==Chemistry==
+Aripiprazole is a synthetic substance of the quinolinone class and is structurally distinct from other atypical antipsychotics. Its molecular formula is C<sub>23</sub>H<sub>27</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>N<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, and it has a unique mechanism of action as a dopamine-serotonin system stabilizer.
-In adults, side effects with greater than 10% incidence include weight gain, headache, [[akathisia]], insomnia, and gastro-intestinal effects like [[nausea]] and constipation, and lightheadedness. Side effects in children are similar, and include sleepiness, increased appetite, and stuffy nose. A strong desire to gamble, binge eat, shop, and engage in sexual activity may also occur.
+==Pharmacology==
+Aripiprazole's primary mechanism involves acting as a [[agonist|partial agonist]] at [[dopamine]] D2 and D3 receptors and [[serotonin|serotonin 5-HT1A]] receptors, while also serving as an [[antagonist]] at [[serotonin|serotonin 5-HT2A]] receptors. This dual action contributes to its efficacy in treating both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. It also exhibits moderate affinity for [[histamine]], [[adrenergic]], and muscarinic receptors, contributing to some of its side effects.
-Uncontrolled movement such as restlessness, tremors, and muscle stiffness may occur.
+==Subjective effects==
+{{EffectStub}}
+{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}}
+{{effects/base
-There seems to be no recreational ways for using aripiprazole. It should be also noted that aripiprazole does not work as a viable "tripkiller" for [[phenethylamine]] class psychedelics.
+|{{effects/physical|
+Physical effects of Aripiprazole can vary but generally include:
+* '''[[Effect::Sedation]]''' - A common effect, manifesting as general lethargy or sleepiness.
+* '''[[Effect::Weight gain]]''' - Often reported, especially with long-term use.
+* '''[[Effect::Nausea]]'''
+* '''[[Effect::Constipation]]'''
+* '''[[Effect::Headache]]''' - Some users may experience mild to moderate headaches.
+* '''[[Effect::Dizziness]]''' - Particularly when standing up quickly or moving suddenly.
+* '''[[Effect::Restlessness]]''' - A feeling of needing to move, sometimes known as akathisia.
+* '''[[Effect::Tremors]]''' - Minor shaking, especially in the hands.
+* '''[[Effect::Dry mouth]]''' - A decrease in saliva production.
+}}
+|{{effects/cognitive|
+Cognitive effects of Aripiprazole can include:
+* '''[[Effect::Focus intensification]]''' - Beneficial in conditions with attention deficits.
+* '''[[Effect::Analysis suppression]]''' - A feeling of reduced cognitive sharpness.
+*'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]'''
+* '''[[Effect::Decreased hallucinations]]''' - Particularly effective in reducing auditory hallucinations in psychosis.
+* '''[[Effect::Emotion suppression]]''' - Helps in mood stabilization, especially in bipolar disorder.
+*'''[[Effect::Sleepiness]]'''
+* '''[[Effect::Anxiety suppression]]''' - Can lower general anxiety levels.
+* '''[[Effect::Insomnia]]''' - Difficulty falling or staying asleep in some individuals.
+* '''[[Effect::Memory suppression|Short-term memory suppression]]''' - In rare cases, may affect short-term memory.
+}}
+}}
+==Experience reports==
+There are a limited number of experience reports for Aripiprazole given its medical usage, but some can be found in the [[experience index]] and on external platforms like Erowid.
+==Toxicity and harm potential==
+{{toxicity}}
+Although generally safe at therapeutic doses, Aripiprazole overdose can lead to severe symptoms like seizures, vomiting, and agitation. Long-term use may increase the risk of metabolic syndrome.
+===Lethal dosage===
+The lethal dosage of Aripiprazole is not well-established, but it is considered to have a high therapeutic index.
+===Tolerance and addiction potential===
+Aripiprazole has a low potential for abuse and addiction. Tolerance development is minimal.
+===Dangerous interactions===
+Aripiprazole should not be combined with other substances that depress the central nervous system, such as alcohol, benzodiazepines, or opioids.
+==Legal status==
+{{LegalStub}}
+Aripiprazole is a prescription medication in many countries. Its legal status varies, but it is generally regulated and available only with a doctor's prescription.
+==See also==
+* [[Responsible use]]
+==External links==
+*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aripiprazole Aripiprazole (Wikipedia)]
+*[https://isomerdesign.com/pihkal/explore/9511 Aripiprazole (Isomer Design)]
+*[https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB01238 Aripiprazole (DrugBank)]
+*[https://www.drugs.com/aripiprazole.html Aripiprazole (Drugs.com)]
+==References==
+<references />
+[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Category:Proofread]][[Category:Approval]]