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Hydroxyzine is a member of the diphenylmethylpiperazine and ethano-piperidine class of drugs. Analogues of hydroxyzine include buclizine, cetirizine, cinnarizine, cyclizine, etodroxizine, meclizine, and pipoxizine among others. It is synthesized by the alkylation of 1-(4-chlorobenzhydryl)piperazine with 2-(2-Chloroethoxy)ethanopiperidine<ref>H. Morren, U.S. Patent 2,899,436 (1959); H. Morren, DE 1049383 (1954); H. Morren, DE 1061786 (1954); H. Morren, DE 1068262 (1954); H. Morren, DE 1072624 (1954); H. Morren, DE 1075116 (1954).</ref> | Hydroxyzine is a member of the diphenylmethylpiperazine and ethano-piperidine class of drugs. Analogues of hydroxyzine include buclizine, cetirizine, cinnarizine, cyclizine, etodroxizine, meclizine, and pipoxizine among others. It is synthesized by the alkylation of 1-(4-chlorobenzhydryl)piperazine with 2-(2-Chloroethoxy)ethanopiperidine<ref>H. Morren, U.S. Patent 2,899,436 (1959); H. Morren, DE 1049383 (1954); H. Morren, DE 1061786 (1954); H. Morren, DE 1068262 (1954); H. Morren, DE 1072624 (1954); H. Morren, DE 1075116 (1954).</ref> | ||
Hydroxyzine's chemical structure features a diphenylmethylpiperazine core, consisting of a piperazine ring bonded to a diphenylmethyl group. This structure is integral to its pharmacological effects, including its antihistaminic and anxiolytic properties. | |||
==Pharmacology== | ==Pharmacology== | ||
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==Legal status== | ==Legal status== | ||
*'''Brazil''': Hydroxyzine can be bought without | *'''Austria''': Hydroxyzine is available by prescription only. | ||
*'''Brazil''': Hydroxyzine can be bought without a prescription, over the counter. <ref>Anvisa. (2016). PARECER GESEF/GGMED/DIRE2/ANVISA. https://www.gov.br/anvisa/pt-br/setorregulado/regularizacao/medicamentos/medicamentos-isentos-de-prescricao/arquivos/parecer-hidroxizina.pdf</ref> | |||
*'''United States''': Hydroxyzine is available by prescription only. | *'''United States''': Hydroxyzine is available by prescription only. | ||
*'''United Kingdom''': Hydroxyzine is available by prescription only. | |||
*'''Russia''': Hydroxyzine is available by prescription only. | |||
*'''Turkey''': Hydroxyzine can be bought without a prescription, over the counter. | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||