Auditory hallucination: Difference between revisions

(128 intermediate revisions by 6 users not shown)

Line 1:

'''~~Auditory hallucinations~~''' ~~can be described as~~ the experience of hearing spontaneous imaginary noises ~~that are either triggered at complete random or manifested~~ in ~~the place~~ of ~~noises that are subconsciously expected to happen~~. The most common examples of this ~~are usually~~ hearing clips of ~~recorded~~ sound such as imagined music, voices or an infinite variety of ~~potentially sounds~~ that are stored within one's ~~own~~ memory.

An '''auditory hallucination''' is the experience of hearing spontaneous imaginary noises.<ref name="Weinel2016">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Weinel, J.)) | journal=Contemporary Music Review | title=Entoptic Phenomena in Audio : Categories of Psychedelic Electroacoustic Composition | volume=35 | issue=2 | pages=202–223 | date=3 March 2016 | url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07494467.2016.1221633 | issn=0749-4467 | doi=10.1080/07494467.2016.1221633}}</ref> The most common examples of this include hearing clips of sound such as imagined music,<ref name="Weinel2016" /><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Evers, S.)), ((Ellger, T.)) | journal=Journal of the Neurological Sciences | title=The clinical spectrum of musical hallucinations | volume=227 | issue=1 | pages=55–65 | date=15 December 2004 | issn=0022-510X | doi=10.1016/j.jns.2004.08.004}}</ref> voices,<ref name="Weinel2016" /><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Chadwick, P.)), ((Birchwood, M.)) | journal=The British Journal of Psychiatry | title=The Omnipotence of Voices: A Cognitive Approach to Auditory Hallucinations | volume=164 | issue=2 | pages=190–201 | date= February 1994 | url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/abs/omnipotence-of-voices/BF121CBA135062075365F28B5AA0ED94 | issn=0007-1250 | doi=10.1192/bjp.164.2.190}}</ref><ref name="Juszczak2013">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Juszczak, G. R.)), ((Swiergiel, A. H.)) | journal=Journal of Psychoactive Drugs | title=Recreational Use of D-Lysergamide from the Seeds of Argyreia Nervosa , Ipomoea Tricolor, Ipomoea Violacea, and Ipomoea Purpurea in Poland | volume=45 | issue=1 | pages=79–93 | date=1 January 2013 | url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02791072.2013.763570 | issn=0279-1072 | doi=10.1080/02791072.2013.763570}}</ref><ref name="Carbonaro2013">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Carbonaro, T. M.)), ((Forster, M. J.)), ((Gatch, M. B.)) | journal=Psychopharmacology | title=Discriminative stimulus effects of N,N-diisopropyltryptamine | volume=226 | issue=2 | pages=241–246 | date= March 2013 | url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00213-012-2891-x | issn=0033-3158 | doi=10.1007/s00213-012-2891-x}}</ref><ref name="Shulgin1980">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Shulgin, A. T.)), ((Carter, M. F.)) | journal=Communications in Psychopharmacology | title=N, N-Diisopropyltryptamine (DIPT) and 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DIPT). Two orally active tryptamine analogs with CNS activity | volume=4 | issue=5 | pages=363–369 | date= 1980 | issn=0145-5699}}</ref><ref name="Shulgin1997">{{cite book | vauthors=((Shulgin, A.)), ((Shulgin, A.)) | date= 1997 | title=TIHKAL: The Continuation | publisher=Transform Press}}</ref> tones,<ref name="Weinel2016" /> popping,<ref name="Weinel2016" /><ref name="Stanciu2016">{{cite journal | vauthors=((N. Stanciu, C.)), ((M. Penders, T.)) | journal=Current Psychiatry Reviews | title=Hallucinogen Persistent Perception Disorder Induced by New Psychoactive Substituted Phenethylamines; A Review with Illustrative Case | volume=12 | issue=2 | pages=221–223 | date=1 June 2016}}</ref> and scraping,<ref name="Stanciu2016" /> but can also be an infinite variety of other potential noises that are stored within one's memory.

The experience of this effect can be broken down into 3 distinct levels of intensity. These are described and documented below:

In terms of their behaviour, these sounds will often be based on noises which were expected to occur or have been genuinely heard on a frequent basis within the external environment. For example, a person may repeatedly hear a knock at the door when they are expecting a visitor or may hear music which they were listening to earlier on in the day. However, at other times, auditory hallucinations may also present themselves as consisting of completely novel and alien sounds that are unlike anything which could currently occur within the external environment.

Auditory hallucinations are often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[auditory distortion|auditory distortions]]<ref name="Carbonaro2013" /><ref name="Shulgin1980" /><ref name="Shulgin1997" /> and [[Auditory acuity enhancement|auditory acuity enhancement]].<ref name="Weinel2016" /><ref name="Juszczak2013" /> They are most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[hallucinogen|hallucinogenic]] compounds,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Al-Assmar, S. E.)) | journal=Archives of Internal Medicine | title=The Seeds of the Hawaiian Baby Woodrose Are a Powerful Hallucinogen | volume=159 | issue=17 | pages=2090 | date=27 September 1999 | issn=0003-9926}}</ref> such as [[psychedelic|psychedelics]], [[deliriant|deliriants]], and [[dissociative|dissociatives]]. However, they can also occur less commonly under the influence of [[stimulant psychosis]], [[cannabinoid|cannabinoids]], and during [[sleep deprivation]].<ref name="Nichols2016">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Nichols, D. E.)) | veditors=((Barker, E. L.)) | journal=Pharmacological Reviews | title=Psychedelics | volume=68 | issue=2 | pages=264–355 | date=1 April 2016 | url=https://pharmrev.aspetjournals.org/content/68/2/264 | issn=0031-6997 | doi=10.1124/pr.115.011478}}</ref><ref name="Lu2004">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Lu, B. Y.)), ((Woofter, C.)), ((Escalona, R.)) | journal=The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry | title=A case of prolonged peyote-induced psychosis resolved by sleep | volume=65 | issue=10 | pages=1433–1434 | date= October 2004 | issn=0160-6689 | doi=10.4088/jcp.v65n1020e}}</ref>

This effect can be broken into specific sub-types which are described and documented below:

==Autonomous voice communication==

==External auditory hallucination==

An '''external auditory hallucination''' can be described as the perception of a hallucinated noise that occurs seamlessly within the external environment as if the specific location of its source has a particular sense of direction and distance attributed to it. This is in stark contrast to internal auditory hallucinations that sound as if they occur exclusively within one's own head.

==Internal auditory hallucination==

An '''internal auditory hallucination''' can be described as the perception of hallucinated audio that sounds as if the specific location of its source does not have a particular sense of distance or direction attributed to it and that the sound is instead occurring within a person's own head. This is in contrast to external auditory hallucinations, which sound as if they are occurring seamlessly within the external environment as if they were actually happening.

The experience of this effect can be broken down into three distinct levels of intensity. These are described and documented below:

#'''Fleeting hallucinations''' - At the lowest level, internal auditory hallucinations generally consist of ill-defined, distant, and subtle sounds that stop as soon the person notices them. For example, a person may hear vague voices, music, and tones within their own head but find that they are not remotely discernable in terms of their given details.

#'''Partially defined hallucinations''' - At this level, the hallucinations can be directly noticed without them immediately stopping, but are not fully defined in terms their detail. This means that, although fully audible, they will still sound partially muffled and distant. For example, a person may hear voices or music within their own head but find that they do not sound quite as crisp and detailed as similar sounds which can be heard in real life.

#'''Fully defined hallucinations''' - At this level, the hallucinations have become completely realistic and lifelike in terms of the detail of their sound. For example, a person may hear fully defined voices, music, or other sounds within their own head that are complex and fully defined in terms of their details.

This effect is capable of manifesting itself across the 4 different levels of intensity described below:

#'''Partially defined embedded hallucinations''' - At the lowest level, the hallucinated sounds lack clarity and may be indistinct, muffled, and difficult to make out. They are also only heard embedded within real sounds occurring within the external environment. For example, a person may hear subtle music or voices embedded within the sound of the wind, cars, and rain. These hallucinations sound as if they are coming from an unspecifiable direction somewhere within the external environment.

#'''Partially defined separate hallucinations''' - At this level, the sounds remain only partially defined, but are heard on a separate layer of their own instead of only manifesting themselves as embedded within other noises. They will also begin to sound as if they are occurring from a vaguely specifiable direction or source within the external environment.

#'''Fully defined separate hallucinations''' - At this level, the sounds become fully defined in their clarity, meaning that the content of the hallucinations can be recognized and heard perfectly as if they were actually occurring. They will also sound as if they originate from a specific location within the external environment in a manner which is so lifelike that it will often confuse the person into believing it was a real sound. </onlyinclude>

#'''Partially defined embedded hallucinations''' - At this level, the sounds are partially defined in their clarity which means that they sound indistinct, muffled, and difficult to make out. They are also only heard as embedded within real sounds occurring within the external environment. For example, one may hear music or voices embedded within the sounds of the wind, cars, and rain.

#'''Partially defined separate hallucinations''' - At this level, the sounds remain only partially defined, but become heard on a separate layer of their own instead of only manifesting themselves as embedded within other noises.

#'''Fully defined separate hallucinations''' - At this level, the sounds become fully defined in their clarity, meaning that the content of the hallucinations can be recognized and heard perfectly as if they were actually occurring.

~~</onlyinclude>~~

===Psychoactive substances===

Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:

Line 15:

Line 37:

{{#ask:[[Category:Experience]][[Effect::Auditory hallucinations]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}

===See also===

*[[Responsible use]]

*[[Subjective effects index]]

Line 20:

Line 43:

*[[Dissociatives#Subjective_effects|Dissociatives - Subjective effects]]

*[[Deliriants#Subjective_effects|Deliriants - Subjective effects]]

[[~~category~~:Auditory]] [[Category:Effect]]

===External links===

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_hallucination Auditory hallucination (Wikipedia)]

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_hallucinations Musical hallucinations (Wikipedia)]

===References===

[[Category:Sensory]]

[[Category:Auditory]]

[[Category:Hallucinatory]]

[[Category:Effect]]

{{#set:Featured=true

|Belongs to=Miscellaneous effects

}}

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 <onlyinclude>
-'''Auditory hallucinations''' can be described as the experience of hearing spontaneous imaginary noises that are either triggered at complete random or manifested in the place of noises that are subconsciously expected to happen. The most common examples of this are usually hearing clips of recorded sound such as imagined music, voices or an infinite variety of potentially sounds that are stored within one's own memory.
+An '''auditory hallucination''' is the experience of hearing spontaneous imaginary noises.<ref name="Weinel2016">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Weinel, J.)) | journal=Contemporary Music Review | title=Entoptic Phenomena in Audio : Categories of Psychedelic Electroacoustic Composition | volume=35 | issue=2 | pages=202–223 | date=3 March 2016 | url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07494467.2016.1221633 | issn=0749-4467 | doi=10.1080/07494467.2016.1221633}}</ref> The most common examples of this include hearing clips of sound such as imagined music,<ref name="Weinel2016" /><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Evers, S.)), ((Ellger, T.)) | journal=Journal of the Neurological Sciences | title=The clinical spectrum of musical hallucinations | volume=227 | issue=1 | pages=55–65 | date=15 December 2004 | issn=0022-510X | doi=10.1016/j.jns.2004.08.004}}</ref> voices,<ref name="Weinel2016" /><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Chadwick, P.)), ((Birchwood, M.)) | journal=The British Journal of Psychiatry | title=The Omnipotence of Voices: A Cognitive Approach to Auditory Hallucinations | volume=164 | issue=2 | pages=190–201 | date= February 1994 | url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/abs/omnipotence-of-voices/BF121CBA135062075365F28B5AA0ED94 | issn=0007-1250 | doi=10.1192/bjp.164.2.190}}</ref><ref name="Juszczak2013">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Juszczak, G. R.)), ((Swiergiel, A. H.)) | journal=Journal of Psychoactive Drugs | title=Recreational Use of D-Lysergamide from the Seeds of Argyreia Nervosa , Ipomoea Tricolor, Ipomoea Violacea, and Ipomoea Purpurea in Poland | volume=45 | issue=1 | pages=79–93 | date=1 January 2013 | url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02791072.2013.763570 | issn=0279-1072 | doi=10.1080/02791072.2013.763570}}</ref><ref name="Carbonaro2013">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Carbonaro, T. M.)), ((Forster, M. J.)), ((Gatch, M. B.)) | journal=Psychopharmacology | title=Discriminative stimulus effects of N,N-diisopropyltryptamine | volume=226 | issue=2 | pages=241–246 | date= March 2013 | url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00213-012-2891-x | issn=0033-3158 | doi=10.1007/s00213-012-2891-x}}</ref><ref name="Shulgin1980">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Shulgin, A. T.)), ((Carter, M. F.)) | journal=Communications in Psychopharmacology | title=N, N-Diisopropyltryptamine (DIPT) and 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DIPT). Two orally active tryptamine analogs with CNS activity | volume=4 | issue=5 | pages=363–369 | date= 1980 | issn=0145-5699}}</ref><ref name="Shulgin1997">{{cite book | vauthors=((Shulgin, A.)), ((Shulgin, A.)) | date= 1997 | title=TIHKAL: The Continuation | publisher=Transform Press}}</ref> tones,<ref name="Weinel2016" /> popping,<ref name="Weinel2016" /><ref name="Stanciu2016">{{cite journal | vauthors=((N. Stanciu, C.)), ((M. Penders, T.)) | journal=Current Psychiatry Reviews | title=Hallucinogen Persistent Perception Disorder Induced by New Psychoactive Substituted Phenethylamines; A Review with Illustrative Case | volume=12 | issue=2 | pages=221–223 | date=1 June 2016}}</ref> and scraping,<ref name="Stanciu2016" /> but can also be an infinite variety of other potential noises that are stored within one's memory.
-The experience of this effect can be broken down into 3 distinct levels of intensity. These are described and documented below:
+In terms of their behaviour, these sounds will often be based on noises which were expected to occur or have been genuinely heard on a frequent basis within the external environment. For example, a person may repeatedly hear a knock at the door when they are expecting a visitor or may hear music which they were listening to earlier on in the day. However, at other times, auditory hallucinations may also present themselves as consisting of completely novel and alien sounds that are unlike anything which could currently occur within the external environment.
+Auditory hallucinations are often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[auditory distortion|auditory distortions]]<ref name="Carbonaro2013" /><ref name="Shulgin1980" /><ref name="Shulgin1997" /> and [[Auditory acuity enhancement|auditory acuity enhancement]].<ref name="Weinel2016" /><ref name="Juszczak2013" /> They are most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[hallucinogen|hallucinogenic]] compounds,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Al-Assmar, S. E.)) | journal=Archives of Internal Medicine | title=The Seeds of the Hawaiian Baby Woodrose Are a Powerful Hallucinogen | volume=159 | issue=17 | pages=2090 | date=27 September 1999 | issn=0003-9926}}</ref> such as [[psychedelic|psychedelics]], [[deliriant|deliriants]], and [[dissociative|dissociatives]]. However, they can also occur less commonly under the influence of [[stimulant psychosis]], [[cannabinoid|cannabinoids]], and during [[sleep deprivation]].<ref name="Nichols2016">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Nichols, D. E.)) | veditors=((Barker, E. L.)) | journal=Pharmacological Reviews | title=Psychedelics | volume=68 | issue=2 | pages=264–355 | date=1 April 2016 | url=https://pharmrev.aspetjournals.org/content/68/2/264 | issn=0031-6997 | doi=10.1124/pr.115.011478}}</ref><ref name="Lu2004">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Lu, B. Y.)), ((Woofter, C.)), ((Escalona, R.)) | journal=The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry | title=A case of prolonged peyote-induced psychosis resolved by sleep | volume=65 | issue=10 | pages=1433–1434 | date= October 2004 | issn=0160-6689 | doi=10.4088/jcp.v65n1020e}}</ref>
+This effect can be broken into specific sub-types which are described and documented below:
+==Autonomous voice communication==
+{{Main|Autonomous voice communication}}
+{{:Autonomous voice communication}}
+==External auditory hallucination==
+An '''external auditory hallucination''' can be described as the perception of a hallucinated noise that occurs seamlessly within the external environment as if the specific location of its source has a particular sense of direction and distance attributed to it. This is in stark contrast to internal auditory hallucinations that sound as if they occur exclusively within one's own head.
+==Internal auditory hallucination==
+An '''internal auditory hallucination''' can be described as the perception of hallucinated audio that sounds as if the specific location of its source does not have a particular sense of distance or direction attributed to it and that the sound is instead occurring within a person's own head. This is in contrast to external auditory hallucinations, which sound as if they are occurring seamlessly within the external environment as if they were actually happening.
+The experience of this effect can be broken down into three distinct levels of intensity. These are described and documented below:
+#'''Fleeting hallucinations''' - At the lowest level, internal auditory hallucinations generally consist of ill-defined, distant, and subtle sounds that stop as soon the person notices them. For example, a person may hear vague voices, music, and tones within their own head but find that they are not remotely discernable in terms of their given details.
+#'''Partially defined hallucinations''' - At this level, the hallucinations can be directly noticed without them immediately stopping, but are not fully defined in terms their detail. This means that, although fully audible, they will still sound partially muffled and distant. For example, a person may hear voices or music within their own head but find that they do not sound quite as crisp and detailed as similar sounds which can be heard in real life.
+#'''Fully defined hallucinations''' - At this level, the hallucinations have become completely realistic and lifelike in terms of the detail of their sound. For example, a person may hear fully defined voices, music, or other sounds within their own head that are complex and fully defined in terms of their details.
+This effect is capable of manifesting itself across the 4 different levels of intensity described below:
+#'''Partially defined embedded hallucinations''' - At the lowest level, the hallucinated sounds lack clarity and may be indistinct, muffled, and difficult to make out. They are also only heard embedded within real sounds occurring within the external environment. For example, a person may hear subtle music or voices embedded within the sound of the wind, cars, and rain. These hallucinations sound as if they are coming from an unspecifiable direction somewhere within the external environment.
+#'''Partially defined separate hallucinations''' - At this level, the sounds remain only partially defined, but are heard on a separate layer of their own instead of only manifesting themselves as embedded within other noises. They will also begin to sound as if they are occurring from a vaguely specifiable direction or source within the external environment.
+#'''Fully defined separate hallucinations''' - At this level, the sounds become fully defined in their clarity, meaning that the content of the hallucinations can be recognized and heard perfectly as if they were actually occurring. They will also sound as if they originate from a specific location within the external environment in a manner which is so lifelike that it will often confuse the person into believing it was a real sound. </onlyinclude>
-#'''Partially defined embedded hallucinations''' - At this level, the sounds are partially defined in their clarity which means that they sound indistinct, muffled, and difficult to make out. They are also only heard as embedded within real sounds occurring within the external environment. For example, one may hear music or voices embedded within the sounds of the wind, cars, and rain.
-#'''Partially defined separate hallucinations''' - At this level, the sounds remain only partially defined, but become heard on a separate layer of their own instead of only manifesting themselves as embedded within other noises.
-#'''Fully defined separate hallucinations''' - At this level, the sounds become fully defined in their clarity, meaning that the content of the hallucinations can be recognized and heard perfectly as if they were actually occurring.
-</onlyinclude>
 ===Psychoactive substances===
 Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:
@@ Line 15: / Line 37: @@
 {{#ask:[[Category:Experience]][[Effect::Auditory hallucinations]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
 ===See also===
 *[[Responsible use]]
 *[[Subjective effects index]]
@@ Line 20: / Line 43: @@
 *[[Dissociatives#Subjective_effects|Dissociatives - Subjective effects]]
 *[[Deliriants#Subjective_effects|Deliriants - Subjective effects]]
-[[category:Auditory]] [[Category:Effect]]
+===External links===
+*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_hallucination Auditory hallucination (Wikipedia)]
+*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_hallucinations Musical hallucinations (Wikipedia)]
+===References===
+<references />
+[[Category:Sensory]]
+[[Category:Auditory]]
+[[Category:Hallucinatory]]
+[[Category:Effect]]
 {{#set:Featured=true
 |Belongs to=Miscellaneous effects
 }}