Seizure: Difference between revisions - PsychonautWiki Archive

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<onlyinclude>[[File:Spike-waves.png|250px|thumbnail|right|Generalized 3 Hz spike and wave discharges in EEG during a seizure]]

An '''epileptic seizure''' (colloquially a '''fit''') is a brief episode of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.<ref>Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE) ~~(PubMed~~.~~gov / NCBI) | http:~~/~~/www~~.~~ncbi~~.~~nlm~~.~~nih~~.~~gov/pubmed/15816939~~</ref> The outward effect can vary from uncontrolled jerking movement (tonic-clonic seizure) to as subtle as a momentary loss of awareness (absence seizure). The disease of the brain characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures is called epilepsy,<ref>Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE) (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15816939</ref><ref>ILAE official report: a practical clinical definition of epilepsy (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24730690</ref> but seizures can also occur in people who do not have epilepsy.

An '''epileptic seizure''' (colloquially a '''fit''') can be described as a brief episode of signs and/or symptoms which are due to abnormal, excessive, or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.<ref name="Fisher2005">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Fisher, R. S.)), ((Emde Boas, W. van)), ((Blume, W.)), ((Elger, C.)), ((Genton, P.)), ((Lee, P.)), ((Engel, J.)) | journal=Epilepsia | title=Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE) | volume=46 | issue=4 | pages=470–472 | date= April 2005 | issn=0013-9580 | doi=10.1111/j.0013-9580.2005.66104.x}}</ref> The outward effect can vary from uncontrolled jerking movement (tonic-clonic seizure) to as subtle as a momentary loss of awareness (absence seizure).

~~This can occur due~~ to a ~~variety~~ of ~~causes~~ and ~~is common during~~ withdrawals from prolonged chronic [[benzodiazepine]] usage ~~or during an overdose on~~ certain ~~substances such as~~ [[~~stimulant~~]]s, [[Synthetic cannabinoid|synthetic cannabinoids]] and the [[25x-NBOMe]] series of [[psychedelic]]s.</onlyinclude>

The following list contains a more comprehensive set of symptoms:

*Losing consciousness and then exhibiting confusion afterwards.

*Having uncontrollable muscle spasms which often result in falling.

*Drooling or frothing at the mouth.

*Jaw clenching and tongue biting.

*Having sudden, rapid eye movements.

*Making unusual noises, such as grunting.

*Losing control of bladder or bowel function.

The disease of the brain characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures is known as epilepsy,<ref name="Fisher2005"/><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Fisher, R. S.)), ((Acevedo, C.)), ((Arzimanoglou, A.)), ((Bogacz, A.)), ((Cross, J. H.)), ((Elger, C. E.)), ((Engel, J.)), ((Forsgren, L.)), ((French, J. A.)), ((Glynn, M.)), ((Hesdorffer, D. C.)), ((Lee, B. I.)), ((Mathern, G. W.)), ((Moshé, S. L.)), ((Perucca, E.)), ((Scheffer, I. E.)), ((Tomson, T.)), ((Watanabe, M.)), ((Wiebe, S.)) | journal=Epilepsia | title=ILAE official report: a practical clinical definition of epilepsy | volume=55 | issue=4 | pages=475–482 | date= April 2014 | issn=1528-1167 | doi=10.1111/epi.12550}}</ref> but seizures can also occur in people who do not have epilepsy. Depending on the cause, epilepsy is generally treated with [[seizure suppression|anticonvulsant]] drugs such as [[diazepam]] and [[pregabalin]].

Seizures are most commonly induced under the influence of [[Substance withdrawal|withdrawals]] from prolonged chronic [[benzodiazepine]] or [[alcohol]] usage. However they can also occur under the influence of [[dosage#heavy|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[stimulant|stimulants]], certain [[opioid|opioids]], [[Synthetic cannabinoid|synthetic cannabinoids]], and the [[25x-NBOMe]] series of [[psychedelic|psychedelics]].</onlyinclude>

===Psychoactive substances===

Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:

{{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Effect::Seizure]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}

===Experience reports===

Annectdotal reports which describe this effect with our [[experience index]] include:

{{#ask:[[Category:Experience]][[Effect::Seizure]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}

===See also===

*[[Responsible use]]

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*[[Dissociatives#Subjective_effects|Dissociatives - Subjective effects]]

*[[Deliriants#Subjective_effects|Deliriants - Subjective effects]]

[[Category:Uncomfortable]][[Category:~~Effect~~]][[Category:~~Physical~~]]

===External links===

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epileptic_seizure Epileptic seizure (Wikipedia)]

[[Category:Physical]][[Category:Uncomfortable]][[Category:Cerebrovascular]][[Category:Effect]]

===References===

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 <onlyinclude>[[File:Spike-waves.png|250px|thumbnail|right|Generalized 3 Hz spike and wave discharges in EEG during a seizure]]
-An '''epileptic seizure''' (colloquially a '''fit''') is a brief episode of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.<ref>Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE) (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15816939</ref> The outward effect can vary from uncontrolled jerking movement (tonic-clonic seizure) to as subtle as a momentary loss of awareness (absence seizure). The disease of the brain characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures is called epilepsy,<ref>Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE) (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15816939</ref><ref>ILAE official report: a practical clinical definition of epilepsy (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24730690</ref> but seizures can also occur in people who do not have epilepsy.
+An '''epileptic seizure''' (colloquially a '''fit''') can be described as a brief episode of signs and/or symptoms which are due to abnormal, excessive, or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.<ref name="Fisher2005">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Fisher, R. S.)), ((Emde Boas, W. van)), ((Blume, W.)), ((Elger, C.)), ((Genton, P.)), ((Lee, P.)), ((Engel, J.)) | journal=Epilepsia | title=Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE) | volume=46 | issue=4 | pages=470–472 | date= April 2005 | issn=0013-9580 | doi=10.1111/j.0013-9580.2005.66104.x}}</ref> The outward effect can vary from uncontrolled jerking movement (tonic-clonic seizure) to as subtle as a momentary loss of awareness (absence seizure).
-This can occur due to a variety of causes and is common during withdrawals from prolonged chronic [[benzodiazepine]] usage or during an overdose on certain substances such as [[stimulant]]s, [[Synthetic cannabinoid|synthetic cannabinoids]] and the [[25x-NBOMe]] series of [[psychedelic]]s.</onlyinclude>
+The following list contains a more comprehensive set of symptoms:
+*Losing consciousness and then exhibiting confusion afterwards.
+*Having uncontrollable muscle spasms which often result in falling.
+*Drooling or frothing at the mouth.
+*Jaw clenching and tongue biting.
+*Having sudden, rapid eye movements.
+*Making unusual noises, such as grunting.
+*Losing control of bladder or bowel function.
+The disease of the brain characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures is known as epilepsy,<ref name="Fisher2005"/><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Fisher, R. S.)), ((Acevedo, C.)), ((Arzimanoglou, A.)), ((Bogacz, A.)), ((Cross, J. H.)), ((Elger, C. E.)), ((Engel, J.)), ((Forsgren, L.)), ((French, J. A.)), ((Glynn, M.)), ((Hesdorffer, D. C.)), ((Lee, B. I.)), ((Mathern, G. W.)), ((Moshé, S. L.)), ((Perucca, E.)), ((Scheffer, I. E.)), ((Tomson, T.)), ((Watanabe, M.)), ((Wiebe, S.)) | journal=Epilepsia | title=ILAE official report: a practical clinical definition of epilepsy | volume=55 | issue=4 | pages=475–482 | date= April 2014 | issn=1528-1167 | doi=10.1111/epi.12550}}</ref> but seizures can also occur in people who do not have epilepsy. Depending on the cause, epilepsy is generally treated with [[seizure suppression|anticonvulsant]] drugs such as [[diazepam]] and [[pregabalin]].
+Seizures are most commonly induced under the influence of [[Substance withdrawal|withdrawals]] from prolonged chronic [[benzodiazepine]] or [[alcohol]] usage. However they can also occur under the influence of [[dosage#heavy|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[stimulant|stimulants]], certain [[opioid|opioids]], [[Synthetic cannabinoid|synthetic cannabinoids]], and the [[25x-NBOMe]] series of [[psychedelic|psychedelics]].</onlyinclude>
+===Psychoactive substances===
+Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:
+{{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Effect::Seizure]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
+===Experience reports===
+Annectdotal reports which describe this effect with our [[experience index]] include:
+{{#ask:[[Category:Experience]][[Effect::Seizure]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
 ===See also===
 *[[Responsible use]]
@@ Line 9: / Line 27: @@
 *[[Dissociatives#Subjective_effects|Dissociatives - Subjective effects]]
 *[[Deliriants#Subjective_effects|Deliriants - Subjective effects]]
-[[Category:Uncomfortable]][[Category:Effect]][[Category:Physical]]
+===External links===
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epileptic_seizure Epileptic seizure (Wikipedia)]
+[[Category:Physical]][[Category:Uncomfortable]][[Category:Cerebrovascular]][[Category:Effect]]
 ===References===
 <references/>
 {{Template:Responsible use2}}
+{{#set:Featured=true}}