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Nicotiana (botany): Difference between revisions
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{{BotanyTable/Nicotiana}} | {{BotanyTable/Nicotiana}} | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
Nicotiana | ''Nicotiana tabacum'' is a robust annual little branched herb up to 2.5 m (8.2 ft) high with large green leaves and long trumpet-shaped white-pinkish flowers. All parts are sticky, covered with short viscid-glandular hairs, which exude a yellow secretion containing nicotine. | ||
===Leaves=== | ===Leaves=== | ||
Varied in size, the lower leaves are the largest at up to 60 cm (24 in) long, shortly stalked or unstalked, oblonged-elliptic, shortly acuminate at the apex, decurrent at the base, the following leaves decrease in size, the upper one sessile and smallest, oblong- lanceolate or elliptic. | Varied in size, the lower leaves are the largest at up to 60 cm (24 in) long, shortly stalked or unstalked, oblonged-elliptic, shortly acuminate at the apex, decurrent at the base, the following leaves decrease in size, the upper one sessile and smallest, oblong- lanceolate or elliptic. | ||
===Flowers=== | ===Flowers=== | ||
In terminal, many flowered inflorescences, the tube 5–6 cm (2.0–2.4 in) long, 5 mm (0.20 in) in diameter, expanded in the lower third (calyx) and upper third (throat), lobes broadly triangular, white-pinkish with pale violet or carmine colored tips tube yellowish white; calyx with five narrowly triangular lobes which are 1.5–2 cm (0.59–0.79 in) long. A capsular ovoid or ellipsoid, surrounded by the persistent calyx and with a short apical beak, about 2 cm (0.79 in) long. Seeds are very numerous, very small, ovoid or kidney shaped, brown. | In terminal, many flowered inflorescences, the tube 5–6 cm (2.0–2.4 in) long, 5 mm (0.20 in) in diameter, expanded in the lower third (calyx) and upper third (throat), lobes broadly triangular, white-pinkish with pale violet or carmine colored tips tube yellowish white; calyx with five narrowly triangular lobes which are 1.5–2 cm (0.59–0.79 in) long. A capsular ovoid or ellipsoid, surrounded by the persistent calyx and with a short apical beak, about 2 cm (0.79 in) long. Seeds are very numerous, very small, ovoid or kidney shaped, brown. | ||
==Reproduction== | ==Reproduction== | ||
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In optimal conditions seeds will germinate within a week and be ready for transplant outdoors or into individual containers. From there they require 2-3 months of good weather to mature into harvest-able plants. Blooms that become pollinated will form oblong pods that contain very small, densely packed seeds. These pods are mature once they've turned brown and can then be taken off the plant, and opened to reveal the seeds. | In optimal conditions seeds will germinate within a week and be ready for transplant outdoors or into individual containers. From there they require 2-3 months of good weather to mature into harvest-able plants. Blooms that become pollinated will form oblong pods that contain very small, densely packed seeds. These pods are mature once they've turned brown and can then be taken off the plant, and opened to reveal the seeds. | ||
==Active | ==Active constituents== | ||
Every part of the plant except the seed contains nicotine, but the concentration is related to different factors such as species, type of land, culture and weather conditions. The concentration of nicotine increases with the age of the plant. Tobacco leaves contain 2 to 8% nicotine combined as malate or citrate. The distribution of the nicotine in the mature plant is widely variable: 64% of the total nicotine exists in the leaves, 18% in the stem, 13% in the root, and 5% in the flowers. | Every part of the plant except the seed contains [[nicotine]], but the concentration is related to different factors such as species, type of land, culture and weather conditions. The concentration of nicotine increases with the age of the plant. Tobacco leaves contain 2 to 8% nicotine combined as malate or citrate. The distribution of the nicotine in the mature plant is widely variable: 64% of the total nicotine exists in the leaves, 18% in the stem, 13% in the root, and 5% in the flowers. | ||
It also contains the following phytochemicals: anatabine, anabasine (an alkaloid similar to the nicotine but less active), glucosides (tabacinine, tabacine), 2,3,6-trimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, 2-methylquinone,2-napthylamine, propionic acid, anatalline, anthalin, anethole, acrolein, anatabine, cembrene, choline, nicotelline, nicotianine, and pyrene. | It also contains the following phytochemicals: anatabine, anabasine (an alkaloid similar to the nicotine but less active), glucosides (tabacinine, tabacine), 2,3,6-trimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, 2-methylquinone,2-napthylamine, propionic acid, anatalline, anthalin, anethole, acrolein, anatabine, cembrene, choline, nicotelline, nicotianine, and pyrene. | ||
==External links== | |||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotiana ''Nicotiana'' (Wikipedia)] | |||
* [https://www.erowid.org/plants/tobacco/ ''Tobacco'' (Erowid Vault)] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{references}} | |||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Solanaceae (family)]] | |||
[[Category:Proofread]] | [[Category:Proofread]] | ||
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