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Near-death experience: Difference between revisions
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A '''near-death experience''' ('''NDE''') is a personal experience associated with death or impending [[death]]. Such experiences may encompass a variety of sensations including detachment from the body, feelings of levitation, total serenity, security, warmth, the experience of absolute dissolution, and the presence of a light.<ref name= | A '''near-death experience''' ('''NDE''') is a personal experience associated with death or impending [[death]]. Such experiences may encompass a variety of sensations including detachment from the body, feelings of levitation, total serenity, security, warmth, the experience of absolute dissolution, and the presence of a light.<ref name=Sleutjes2014rev>{{cite journal | pmid = 25357254 | doi=10.1097/NMD.0000000000000205 | volume=202 | title=Almost 40 years investigating near-death experiences: an overview of mainstream scientific journals | year=2014 | journal=J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. | pages=833–6 | last1 = Sleutjes | first1 = A | last2 = Moreira-Almeida | first2 = A | last3 = Greyson | first3 = B}}</ref> | ||
===Psychoactive substances=== | ===Psychoactive substances=== | ||
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==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Ring Kenneth Ring] (1980) classified NDE's on a 5 stage continuum: | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Ring Kenneth Ring] (1980) classified NDE's on a 5 stage continuum: | ||
# feelings of peace and contentment; | |||
#feelings of peace and contentment; | # a sense of detachment from the body; | ||
#a sense of detachment from the body; | # entering a transitional world of darkness (rapid movements through tunnels: 'the tunnel experience'); | ||
#entering a transitional world of darkness (rapid movements through tunnels: 'the tunnel experience'); | # emerging into bright light; and | ||
#emerging into bright light; and | # 'entering the light'. | ||
#'entering the light'. | |||
In Ken Ring's studies, 60% experienced stage 1, but only 10% attained stage 5. | In Ken Ring's studies, 60% experienced stage 1, but only 10% attained stage 5. | ||
NDEs are understood to involve one or a combination of the following features (Schwaninger et al. 2002; van Lommel 2011): | NDEs are understood to involve one or a combination of the following features (Schwaninger et al. 2002; van Lommel 2011): | ||
# an out-of-body experience (OBE) | |||
#an out-of-body experience (OBE) | # seeing or moving through a tunnel | ||
#seeing or moving through a tunnel | # communicating with a being of light | ||
#communicating with a being of light | # observing a celestial landscape | ||
#observing a celestial landscape | # meeting with deceased persons | ||
#meeting with deceased persons | # a life review | ||
#a life review | # loss of sense of time and space and/or | ||
#loss of sense of time and space and/or | # a conscious return to the body. | ||
#a conscious return to the body. | |||
==Practices== | ==Practices== | ||
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==Scales== | ==Scales== | ||
* Near Death Experience Scale (Greyson, 1983), 16-item | |||
*Near Death Experience Scale (Greyson, 1983), 16-item | * Near-Death Experience Scale-6 (NDE-6) (Prosnick & Evans, 2003), 6-item | ||
*Near-Death Experience Scale-6 (NDE-6) (Prosnick & Evans, 2003), 6-item | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* [[wikipedia:Near-death experience|Near-death experience (Wikipedia)]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Near-death experience|Near-death experience (Wikipedia)]] | * [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDgGTr25PGKQcbuyNLCsq-Cx9Lvot0UEC Music for Ayahuasca-Assisted Near-Death Experience Therapy (MAANDET)] by [[User:David Hedlund|David Hedlund]] | ||
*[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDgGTr25PGKQcbuyNLCsq-Cx9Lvot0UEC Music for Ayahuasca-Assisted Near-Death Experience Therapy (MAANDET)] by [[User:David Hedlund|David Hedlund]] | * [https://www.psypost.org/2018/12/study-of-advanced-buddhist-meditators-suggests-inducing-near-death-experiences-can-be-learned-and-perfected-52732 Study of advanced Buddhist meditators suggests inducing near-death experiences can be learned and perfected] | ||
*[https://www.psypost.org/2018/12/study-of-advanced-buddhist-meditators-suggests-inducing-near-death-experiences-can-be-learned-and-perfected-52732 Study of advanced Buddhist meditators suggests inducing near-death experiences can be learned and perfected] | * [https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/out-the-darkness/201810/near-death-experiences-and-dmt Near-Death Experiences and DMT] | ||
*[https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/out-the-darkness/201810/near-death-experiences-and-dmt Near-Death Experiences and DMT] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||