Comparison of darknet markets: Difference between revisions

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m Corrected some misspelling and changed "Decentralized markets" table text size so that it matches other tables.
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A '''darknet market''' is a website operating in a darknet (e.g., Freenet, I2P, TOR) and in which goods and services (usually drugs) are traded. The legal status of the traded goods depends varies from country to country. The purpose of this comparison is to keep an overview about the constantly changing phenomenon of darknet markets. The comparison in durability, success and security shall enable people to ''evaluate markets and make independent decisions'' before using them.
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A '''darknet market''' (also known as a '''DNM''') is a website operating in a darknet (e.g., Freenet, I2P, TOR) through which goods and services (typically drugs) are traded. The legal status of the traded goods depends varies from country to country. The purpose of this comparison is to provide an overview of the constantly changing phenomenon of darknet markets. The comparison in durability, success, and security should enable people to ''evaluate markets and make independent decisions'' before using them.


[[File:Silkroadlogo.jpeg|150px|thumbnail|right|The "Silkroad" (founded 2011-01-31) was the first known darknet market. With the combination of TOR, Bitcoin and PGP it established the central market scheme.]]
[[File:Silkroadlogo.jpeg|150px|thumbnail|right|The "Silk Road" (founded 2011-01-31) was the first known darknet market. With the combination of TOR, Bitcoin and PGP it established the central market scheme.]]


According to their major features and design at least five archetypes of marketplaces can be distinguished.
According to their major features and design, at least five archetypes of marketplaces can be distinguished.
# '''Forum Markets'''. These are basicly forums where vendors present their products, customers posting feedback and a community is discussing. These markets neither have an online shopping like interface nor a reputation or esrcow system. Trusted members of the community may act as escrow agents.
# '''Forum Markets'''. These are basically forums where vendors present their products, customers post feedback and have discussions. These markets neither have an online shopping interface nor a reputation or escrow system. Trusted members of the community may act as escrow agents.
# '''Centralized Markets'''. The original "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silk_Road_%28marketplace%29 Silkroad]" was the first of this kind. Buyers and vendors have their bitcoins on an online wallet which is controlled by the markets admin and therefore rely totally on the good will of the markets admins. Several big scams happened in the past in which millions of $ were stolen.
# '''Centralized Markets'''. The original "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silk_Road_%28marketplace%29 Silkroad]" was the first of this kind. Buyers and vendors have their bitcoins in an online wallet which is controlled by the markets admin and therefore rely totally on the good will of the markets admins. Several big scams have happened in the past in which millions of dollars (in bitcoin) were stolen.
# '''Multi-Signature Markets'''. In this markets funds will be deposited in a multi-signature wallet. At least three parties (usually:buyer, vendor, market admin) have the control over these wallets. Two of them have to agree to release the funds. The most elaborated marketplace of this kind was "The Marketplace". Second generation marketplace could not get some serious market share yet.
# '''Multi-Signature Markets'''. In this type of market, funds will be deposited in a multi-signature wallet. At least three parties (usually: buyer, vendor, market admin) have the control over these wallets. Two of them have to agree to release the funds. The most elaborate marketplace of this kind was "The Marketplace". Second generation marketplaces have yet to gain serious market share.
# '''Decentralized Markets'''. There are some projects which are currently developing software to host drug marketplaces in a distributed manner. Only Bitmarkets is fully functional, but none have yet been adopted by the darknet market community.
# '''Decentralized Markets'''. There are some projects which are currently developing software to host drug marketplaces in a distributed manner. As of 2017, they have yet to be adopted by the darknet market community.
# Beside that a some vendors maintain their own '''single vendor webshop'''. These won’t be listed here because they are too numerous and there is high rate of scams.<ref> Some vendor shops are listed here: https://www.deepdotweb.com/marketplace-directory/categories/vendor-shops. </ref>
# Beside that some vendors maintain their own '''single vendor web shop'''. These won’t be listed here because they are too numerous and there is no way of protecting against scams. Some vendor shops are listed here: https://dnstats.net/vendor-shops/1 .


All markets are hosted either as Tor Hidden Services (Onion Sites), i2p sites (eepsites) or another kind of p2p or darknet. Therefor they can not be accessed with a normal webrowser. The technical aspects of using a darknet market are discussed in the article [[Darknet marketplace usage tutorial]].
All markets are hosted either as Tor Hidden Services (Onion Sites), i2p sites (eepsites) or another kind of p2p or darknet. Therefore they can not be accessed with a normal web browser.
 
== Forum markets ==
[[File:Comments-o.svg|40px|left]] These website are based on ordinary forum software. There is no cart, wallet or escrow provided. Transactions happen between vendor and customer directly most of the times.
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; text-align: center; font-size: smaller;"
|-
! Name, Adress
! Date of Opening
! Registration
! Incidents
! notes
|-
| '''French Market Place''' <br /> (http://fmp75d2wcfom3opr.onion)
| ?
| ?
| ?
| french
|-
| '''The Majestic Garden''' <br /> (http://themgpeuawtfvbzi.onion/) <br /> Forum <br /> (http://bm26rwk32m7u7rec.onion/) <br />
| ?
| style="background: #90FF90" | Open
| style="background: #9F9" | No
| TMG is focused on psychedelics and empathogens.
|-
| '''RAMP (Russian Anonymous MarketPlace)''' <br /> (http://ramp2bombkadwvgz.onion)
| ?
| style="background: #90FF90" | Open
| ?
| russian
|-
|}


== Centralized markets ==
== Centralized markets ==
[[File:User.svg|40px|left]]
[[File:User.svg|40px|left]]
All these markets have a certain concept in common. There is a staff team which is maintaining a website as an onion or eepsite in TOR or I2P. They offer all the features to vendors and buyers. They take some % of every transaction as commission for their own profit and often take a bond of vendors to prevent scammers off signin up. Their definite trait is that the admin has the absolute power over the users funds.
All these markets have a certain concept in common. There is a staff team which is maintaining a website as an onion or eepsite in TOR or I2P. They offer all the features to vendors and buyers. They take some % of every transaction as commission for their own profit and often take a bond of vendors to prevent scammers off signing up. Their definite trait is that the admin has the absolute power over the users funds.


{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; text-align: center; font-size: smaller;"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; text-align: center; font-size: smaller;"
|-
|-
! Name, Adress, Forum, Subreddit
! Name, Adress, Forum, Subdread
! Date of Opening
! Date of Opening
! # of listings
! # of listings
Line 60: Line 30:
! Cryptocoins
! Cryptocoins
|-
|-
| ''' Abraxas''' <br /> (http://abraxasdegupusel.onion/) <br /> Forum <br /> (http://abraxasgacelesox.onion/) <br /> Subreddit <br /> ([https://www.reddit.com/r/AbraxasMarket /r/AbraxasMarket])
| '''Alphabay''' <br /> (http://alphabay522szl32u4ci5e3iokdsyth56ei7rwngr2wm7i5jo54j2eid.onion) <br /> (http://tnaefzkcnhryeusi7hdpqujqiqmnbtah3dmjcg3gvezohunjuxbq.b32.i2p) <br /> Forum <br /> (?) <br /> Subdread <br /> (http://dreadytofatroptsdj6io7l3xptbet6onoyno2yv7jicoxknyazubrad.onion/d/Alphabay)
| 2014-12-13
| 2021-08-10
| ~5100 <br />
| ?
| style="background: #FFC65D" | [http://abraxasdegupusel.onion/register/Wm5VbtYAtB Invite Only]
| {{no}}
| style="background: #9F9" | No
| {{no}}
| style="background: #9F9" | No
| BTC, DASH
|-
| '''Dream Market''' <br /> ( ) <br /> Forum <br /> (http://tmskhzavkycdupbr.onion/) <br /> Subreddit <br /> (?)
| 2013-11-15
| ~6500
| style="background: #90FF90" | Open
| style="background: #90FF90" | Open
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| style="background: #9F9" | No
| style="background: #9F9" | No
| {{no}} (optional auto-encryption but site discourages users to use it for all communication)
| {{yes}}
| style="background: #9F9" | No
| style="background: #F99" | Yes<ref>https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/alphabay-takedown</ref>
| BTC
| XMR
|-
|-
| '''Middle Earth''' <br /> (http://mango7u3rivtwxy7.onion/) <br /> Forum <br /> (http://mango7u3rivtwxy7.onion/talks/) <br /> Subreddit <br /> -
| '''Dark0de Reborn / Darkode Reborn''' <br /> (http://darkodemard3wjoe63ld6zebog73ncy77zb2iwjtdjam4xwvpjmjitid.onion/) <br /> Forum <br /> (http://darkodefoctohioo6eof3qh2vjpgvuial7doxeaqyfoqwpaujfyxdoid.onion/) <br /> Subdread <br /> (http://dreadytofatroptsdj6io7l3xptbet6onoyno2yv7jicoxknyazubrad.onion/d/Dark0deReborn)
| 2014-06-22
| 2020-05-26
| ~4300
| ?
| style="background: #90FF90" | Open
| style="background: #90FF90" | Open
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| style="background: #FFC65D" | optional
| {{no}}
| style="background: #9F9" | No
| style="background: #9F9" | No
| BTC
|-
| '''Nucleus Market''' <br /> http://nucleuspf3izq7o6.onion/  <br /> Forum  <br /> http://z34uj4opd3tejafn.onion/ <br /> Subreddit  <br /> [https://www.reddit.com/r/NucleusMarket /r/NucleusMarket]
| 2014-10-24
| ~15000
| style="background: #90FF90" | Open
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| style="background: #9F9" | No
| style="background: #9F9" | No
| {{no}}
| BTC, XMR
| style="background: #9F9" | No
|-
| BTC, DASH, LTC
|}
|}


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|-
|-
| '''2-Factor-Authentification'''
| '''2-Factor-Authentification'''
| With 2-factor authentification you need to decrypt a with your private PGP key. This feature avoids successful phishing of your name and password.
| With 2-factor authentification, one needs to decrypt with a private PGP key. This feature avoids successful phishing of one's name and password.
|-
|-
|-
|-
Line 115: Line 66:
|-
|-
| '''PGP'''  
| '''PGP'''  
| Is the use of PGP encryption obligatory in private messages? Writing unencrypted messages may expose personal details to the market admins and law enforcement agencies.
| Is the use of PGP encryption obligatory in private messages? It typically is not, but writing unencrypted messages may expose personal details to the market admins and law enforcement agencies.
|-
|-
| '''Incidents'''  
| '''Incidents'''  
| Bitcoins disappeared? Team members busted? Page hacked? Did anything happened what undermines the credibility and professionalism of the people who run the marketplace?
| Bitcoins disappeared? Team members busted? Page hacked? Did anything happen what undermines the credibility and professionalism of the people who run the marketplace?
|-
|-
|}
|}
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; text-align: center; font-size: smaller;"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; text-align: center; font-size: smaller;"
|-
|-
! Name, Adress, Forum, Subreddit
! Name, Adress, Forum, Subdread
! Date of Opening
! Date of Opening
! # of listings
! # of listings
Line 135: Line 86:
! PGP
! PGP
! Security Incidents
! Security Incidents
! Cryptocoins
|-
|-
| '''Alphabay''' </br> (http://pwoah7foa6au2pul.onion) </br> Forum </br> (http://pwoah7foa6au2pul.onion/forum/) </br> Subreddit </br> ([https://www.reddit.com/r/Alphabay /r/Alphabay])
| '''The Versus Project''' <br /> (http://q2f7swt5yvbhciqqbbsidufu2vtkv6ivwy6g5i5ukejjlb2jeghd2had.onion) <br /> (http://pqqmr3p3tppwqvvapi6fa7jowrehgd36ct6lzr26qqormaqvh6gt4jyd.onion) <br /> Forum <br /> (http://q2f7swt5yvbhciqqbbsidufu2vtkv6ivwy6g5i5ukejjlb2jeghd2had.onion/forum) <br /> Subdread <br /> (http://dreadytofatroptsdj6io7l3xptbet6onoyno2yv7jicoxknyazubrad.onion/d/Versus)
| 2014-12-22
| 2019-11-02
| ~40000
| ?
| style="background: #90FF90" | Open
| style="background: #90FF90" | Open
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| style="background: #9F9" | No
| style="background: #9F9" | No
| {{no}}
| ?
| style="background: #9F9" | No
| style="background: #F99" | Yes
|-
| BTC, XMR
| '''East India Company'''<ref> EU only market</ref> <br /> (http://http://g4c35ipwiutqccly.onion/) <br /> Forum <br /> (built in) <br /> Subreddit <br /> (https://www.reddit.com/r/EastIndiaCo /r/EastIndiaCo])
| 2015-04-28
| ~1900 (grouped listings)
| style="background: #90FF90" | Open
| {{yes}}
| style="background: #9F9" | No
| {{no}}
| style="background: #F99" | yes<ref>https://www.deepdotweb.com/2015/08/09/east-india-market-hacked-30-btc-gone//</ref>
|-
| '''Outlaw Market''' <br /> (http://outfor6jwcztwbpd.onion/) <br /> Forum <br /> http://outforumbpapnpqr.onion <br /> Subreddit <br /> -
| 2014-02-04
| ~960
| style="background: #90FF90" | Open
| {{yes}}
| style="background: #9F9" | No
| style="background: #FFC65D" | auto-ecryption
| style="background: #F99" | yes<ref>http://www.deepdotweb.com/2014/08/01/outlaw-market-down-possibily-compromised/</ref>
|-
| '''Valhalla''' <br /> (http://valhallaxmn3fydu.onion) <br /> Forum <br /> http://outforumbpapnpqr.onion <br /> Subreddit <br /> -
| 2013-10
| ~2300
| style="background: #90FF90" | Open
| {{yes}}
| style="background: #9F9" | yes
| {{no}}
| style="background: #9F9" | No
|}
|}


== Decentralized markets ==
== Forum markets ==
[[File:Share-alt.svg|40px|left]] Decentralized markets are running on a distributed filesharing-like software. A middlemen who is taking it’s cut is not needed anymore. The following table lists software projects which are in the development right now. Unless a projects reached the "stable" development status all features are to be considered as "announced" or "planned".
[[File:Comments-o.svg|40px|left]] These websites are based on ordinary forum software. There is no cart, wallet or escrow provided. Transactions usually happen directly between vendor and customer.


{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; text-align: center; font-size: smaller;"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; text-align: center; font-size: smaller;"
|-
|-
! Name, Website, Sourcecode
! Name, Address
! development status
! Date of Opening
! hosting
! Registration
! anonymizing routing
! Java Script
! cryptocurrencies
! Incidents
! encrypted messaging
! Notes
! build-in wallet
! anonymous transaction
! notes
|-
|'''Axis Mundi''' <br /> (https://six-pack.github.io/Axis-Mundi)
|Active (0.0.9)
|P2P/trustless brokers
|Tor and i2p
|Bitcoin
|Yes (PGP)
|Not yet
|Yes
|Written specifically to address the DNM environment. FE with feedback and full MS escrow options for purchases.
|-
| '''Bitmarkets''' <br /> (https://voluntary.net/bitmarkets/) <br /> (https://github.com/voluntarynet/Bitmarkets)
| beta
| P2P
| TOR
| Bitcoin
| yes (Bitmessage)
| yes
| yes
| Uses two party escrow so no trusted third parties or escrow agents are needed.
|-
| '''Nxt''' <br /> (http://104.236.98.130:4568/) <br /> (https://bitbucket.org/JeanLucPicard/nxt/src)
| stable? (1.5.12)
| Blockchain, Proof of Stake, (Nxt)
| TOR (optional)
| Nxt (+ more)
| yes
| yes
| ?
| The marketplace is integrated in the Nxt wallet.
|-
|-
| '''Nxt Freemarket''' <br /> (http://104.236.98.130:4568/) <br /> (https://bitbucket.org/blackyblack/freemarket/ CLOSED SOURCE)
| '''DarbeTürk''' <br /> (https://darbeturk.net)
| stable? (1.4)
| 2005-??-??
| Blockchain, Proof of Stake, (Nxt)
| style="background: #FFC65D" | Paid Only
| ?
| style="background: #F99" | Yes
| ?
| style="background: #F99" | Yes <br /> (They were government supporter hacker team before 2015)
| ?
| Turkish Underground Forum
| ?
| ?
| Nxt Freemarket is an application which builds on Nxt and provides another marketplace interface using the nxt blockchain.
|-
| '''Openmarket''' <br /> (http://104.236.98.130:4568/) <br /> (https://github.com/openmarket/openmarket)
| alpha (dead?)
| P2P
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
|-
| '''Open Bazaar''' <br /> (https://openbazaar.org/) <br /> (https://github.com/OpenBazaar/OpenBazaar)
| Stable (1.1.7)
| P2P (UDP)
| no
| Bitcoin
| yes (GnuPG)
| ?
| ?
| ?
|-
| '''Shadow Market''' <br /> (http://aboutshadow.com/) <br /> (https://github.com/SDCDev/shadowcoin)
| pre-alpha
| Blockchain, Proof of Stake, (Shadowcash)
| through I2P and TOR<ref>{{cite web | url=http://aboutshadow.com/index.php/shadowmarket/q-a | title=Q&A | accessdate=12 June 2015}}</ref>
| Shadowcash
| yes
| yes
| yes<ref>{{cite web | url=http://shadowcash.info/display/shadow/Transact+Anonymously | title=Shadowsend | accessdate=12 June 2015}}</ref>
| ?
|-
| '''Syscoin''' <br /> (https://syscoin.org/) <br /> (https://github.com/syscoin/syscoin)
| beta
| Blockchain, Proof of Work, (Syscoin)
| ?
| Syscoin
| yes
| yes
| ?
| ?
|}
|}
==Online marketplace software==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenBazaar OpenBazaar]


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
===General===
* [[Network#Tor hidden services]]
*[http://www.deepdotweb.com/2014/03/02/deepdotwebs-darknet-dictionary/ A dictionary of often used terms about the darknet.]
* [http://www.reddit.com/r/DarkNetMarkets Subreddit for all Darknet Markets]
* [http://grams7enufi7jmdl.onion// "Grams"] - Darknet Market search engine, Bitcoin mixer, Vendor directory
* [http://thehub7gqe43miyc.onion The Hub] - General darknet market forum
* [http://kingdomazsnvzfuq.onion/ "The Kingdom Forums"] - General darknet market forum


===Lists of darknet markets===
==External links==
* [http://www.deepdotweb.com/2013/10/28/updated-llist-of-hidden-marketplaces-tor-i2p/ List] and [http://www.deepdotweb.com/dark-net-market-comparison-chart/ comparison]  of darknet markets by [http://www.deepdotweb.com Deep Dot Web]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darknet_market Darknet market (Wikipedia)]
* [http://www.gwern.net/Black-market%20survival#data Comparison] of current and dead darknet markets maintained by [http://www.gwern.net gwern.net]
* [http://dnstats.net/market-comparison Comparison] of darknet markets by [http://dnstats.net dnstats.net]
* [https://www.reddit.com/r/DarkNetMarkets/wiki/superlist "Superlist"] of darknet markets maintained by the moderators of [https://www.reddit.com/r/DarkNetMarkets /r/DarkNetMarkets]
* [https://www.reddit.com/r/DarkNetMarkets/wiki/index/wallofshame Wall of Shame] List of markets to avoid according to the moderatos of [https://www.reddit.com/r/DarkNetMarkets /r/DarkNetMarkets]
 
===Vendor directories and reviews===
* [http://directory4iisquf.onion/ "All Markets Vendor Directory"] - A Directory for Darknet Vendors
* [http://fqyfryfq2iznzsob.onion/ "The Darknet Feedback Database"] - Search by pgp key and known username. Includes the feedback database of the now offline BlackMarketReloaded.
* [http://grams7enufi7jmdl.onion// "Grams"] - Darknet Market search engine, Bitcoin mixer, Vendor directory


==References==
==References==
<references />
<references />


 
[[Category:Website]]
[[Category:Drugs]]
[[Category:Main Page List Articles]]