LSZ: Difference between revisions

In the 2000s, a team led by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_E._Nichols David E. Nichols] at Purdue University set to develop a rigid analog of [[LSD]] with the diethylamide group constrained into an azetidine ring in order to map the binding site at the [[Serotonin#The_5-HT_system|5-HT_2A]] [[receptor]].<ref>Nichols, D.E., Frescas S., Marona-Lewicka D., and Kurrasch-Orbaugh D.M. (2002). Lysergamides of Isomeric 2,4-Dimethylazetidines Map the Binding Orientation of the Diethylamide Moiety in the Potent Hallucinogenic Agent N,N-Diethyllysergamide (LSD). Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2002 45 (19), 4344-4349. DOI: 10.1021/jm020153s</ref>

LSZ has little to no history of human usage prior to 2012 when it appeared on some [[research chemical]] markets in the UK.<ref name="ACMD">http://www.ukchemicalresearch.org/Thread-LSZ</ref><ref>ACMD (10 June 2014). "Update of the Generic Definition for Tryptamines" | https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/318693/UpdateGenericDefinitionTryptamines.pdf</ref> LSZ later gained international popularity through a small cluster of mail-order novel psychedelic shops that appeared in 2012.<ref>The Drug Revolution That No One Can Stop | https://medium.com/matter/the-drug-revolution-that-no-one-can-stop-19f753fb15e0#.fupvbuawp</ref> There have also been several unconfirmed reports of LSZ being synthesized in illicit laboratories and distributed on blotter paper or in liquid solution under names such as "Diazedine" and "λ" (or "Lambda").<ref>Life Is a Cosmic Giggle on the Breath of the Universe | http://www.vice.com/en_ca/read/life-is-a-cosmic-giggle-803-v18n5?Contentpage=3</ref><ref>Cole, Krystle (2005). Lysergic. Indianapolis: Dog Ear Publishing. ISBN 1-59858-007-8.</ref>

LSZ is not considered to be addictive or physiologically toxic.<ref>Lüscher, C., & Ungless, M. A. (2006). The Mechanistic Classification of Addictive Drugs, 3(11). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030437</ref><ref>Nichols, D. E. (2016). "Psychedelics." Pharmacological Reviews, 68(2), 264-355. https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.115.011478</ref>  Nevertheless, adverse psychological reactions such as severe [[anxiety]], [[paranoia]] and [[psychosis]] are always possible, particularly among those predisposed to mental illness.<ref>Strassman, R. J. (1984). Adverse Reactions to Psychedelic Drugs: A Review of the Literature. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 172(10), 577-595. PMID: 6384428</ref> It is highly advised to use [[Harm reduction#Hallucinogens|harm reduction practices]] if using this substance.

There are three possible stereoisomers around the azetidine ring with the (S,S)-(+) isomer being the most active. It is slightly more potent than LSD itself in drug discrimination tests using trained rats.<ref>Lysergamides of isomeric 2,4-dimethylazetidines map the binding orientation of the diethylamide moiety in the potent hallucinogenic agent N,N-diethyllysergamide (LSD) (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12213075</ref>

Tolerance to the effects of LSZ are built [[Time to full tolerance::almost immediately after ingestion]]. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::7 days]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). LSZ presents cross-tolerance with all [[psychedelic]]s, meaning that all psychedelics will have a reduced effect after the consumption of LSZ.

*'''Denmark:''' As of August 25th, 2015, LSZ is specifically named on the list of illegal substances in Denmark.<ref><nowiki>https://laegemiddelstyrelsen.dk/da/nyheder/2015/bekendtgoerelse-om-euforiserende-stoffer-ni-nye-stoffer-tilfoejet/</nowiki></ref>

*'''Germany:''' LSZ is controlled under the NpSG as of July 18, 2019.<ref>https://www.buzer.de/gesetz/12250/v224771-2019-07-18.htm</ref> <ref>https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/anlage.html</ref> Production and import with the aim to place it on the market, administration to another person and trading is punishable. Possession is illegal but not penalized.<ref>https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/__4.html</ref>

*'''Latvia:''' LSZ is illegal in Latvia. Although it isn't officially scheduled, it is controlled as an LSD structural analog due to an amendment made on June 1th, 2015.<ref>Noteikumi par Latvijā kontrolējamajām narkotiskajām vielām, psihotropajām vielām un prekursoriem (2.4.punkts) | http://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=121086</ref>

*'''Sweden:''' Following its sale as a [[designer drug]], LSZ was made illegal in Sweden on 26 January 2016.<ref>(in Swedish) Folkhälsomyndigheten. | https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/nyheter-och-press/nyhetsarkiv/2016/januari/31-nya-substanser-klassas-som-narkotika-eller-halsofarlig-vara/</ref>

*'''Switzerland:''' LSZ was added to the list of controlled substances on the 1st of December 2015.<ref>https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/official-compilation/2015/5093.pdf</ref>

*'''United Kingdom:''' As of January 7th, 2015, LSZ is specifically named in the U.K. Misuse of Drugs Act as a Class A drug.<ref name="ACMD tryptamines">{{cite web | url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/318693/UpdateGenericDefinitionTryptamines.pdf | title=Update of the Generic Definition  for Tryptamines | publisher=UK Home Office | date=10 June 2014 | accessdate=10 June 2014 | author=ACMD|page=12}}</ref>