Motivation depression: Difference between revisions

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<onlyinclude>'''Motivation depression''' (also known as '''avolition''' or '''amotivation''')<ref name="FervahaTakeuchi2015">{{cite journal|last1=Fervaha|first1=Gagan|last2=Takeuchi|first2=Hiroyoshi|last3=Lee|first3=Jimmy|last4=Foussias|first4=George|last5=Fletcher|first5=Paul J|last6=Agid|first6=Ofer|last7=Remington|first7=Gary|title=Antipsychotics and Amotivation|journal=Neuropsychopharmacology|volume=40|issue=6|year=2015|pages=1539–1548|issn=0893-133X|doi=10.1038/npp.2015.3}}</ref> is defined as a decreased desire to initiate or persist in goal-directed behavior.<ref name="LeeJung2015">{{cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=Jung|last2=Jung|first2=Suwon|last3=Park|first3=Il|last4=Kim|first4=Jae-Jin|title=Neural Basis of Anhedonia and Amotivation in Patients with Schizophrenia: The Role of Reward System|journal=Current Neuropharmacology|volume=13|issue=6|year=2015|pages=750–759|issn=1570159X|doi=10.2174/1570159X13666150612230333}}</ref><ref name="BarchDowd2010">{{cite journal|last1=Barch|first1=D. M.|last2=Dowd|first2=E. C.|title=Goal Representations and Motivational Drive in Schizophrenia: The Role of Prefrontal-Striatal Interactions|journal=Schizophrenia Bulletin|volume=36|issue=5|year=2010|pages=919–934|issn=0586-7614|doi=10.1093/schbul/sbq068}}</ref> Motivation depression prevents an individual the ability to sustain the rewarding value of an action into an uncertain future; this includes tasks deemed challenging or unpleasant, such as working, studying, cleaning, and doing general chores. At its higher levels, motivation depression can cause one to lose their desire to engage in any activities, even the ones that would usually be considered entertaining or rewarding to the user. This effect can lead onto severe states of boredom and even mild [[depression]] when experienced at a high level of intensity for prolonged periods of time.

'''Motivation ~~suppression~~''' ~~can be described~~ as a ~~decrease in~~ desire to ~~do certain activities~~. ~~This most often~~ includes working or cleaning, ~~which can happen even when completely sober~~. At higher ~~intensity this~~ can ~~also include~~ activities ~~which can~~ be considered entertaining or ~~fun~~ to the user. This effect is ~~common on~~ most ~~drug comedowns or when bored.~~ [[~~Deliriants~~]] ~~or major~~ [[~~depression~~]] ~~may also suppress one's desire~~ to ~~do almost anything~~, ~~including moving~~, ~~talking~~, or, in ~~dangerous overdoses~~, [[~~Respiratory depression|breathing~~]].

Motivation suppression is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[sedation]] and [[thought deceleration]]. It is most commonly induced under the influence of an acute [[dosage]] of an [[antipsychotic]] compound, such as [[quetiapine]], [[haloperidol]], and [[risperidone]].<ref name="ArtaloytiaArango2006">{{cite journal|last1=Artaloytia|first1=Juan Francisco|last2=Arango|first2=Celso|last3=Lahti|first3=Adrienne|last4=Sanz|first4=Javier|last5=Pascual|first5=Ana|last6=Cubero|first6=Pedro|last7=Prieto|first7=David|last8=Palomo|first8=Tomás|title=Negative Signs and Symptoms Secondary to Antipsychotics: A Double-Blind, Randomized Trial of a Single Dose of Placebo, Haloperidol, and Risperidone in Healthy Volunteers|journal=American Journal of Psychiatry|volume=163|issue=3|year=2006|pages=488–493|issn=0002-953X|doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.163.3.488}}</ref><ref name="SaeediRemington2006">{{cite journal|last1=Saeedi|first1=H|last2=Remington|first2=G|last3=Christensen|first3=B|title=Impact of haloperidol, a dopamine D2 antagonist, on cognition and mood|journal=Schizophrenia Research|volume=85|issue=1-3|year=2006|pages=222–231|issn=09209964|doi=10.1016/j.schres.2006.03.033}}</ref> However, it is worth noting that chronic treatment with any [[dosage|dose]] of [[antipsychotic]] medication does not cause this effect.<ref name="FervahaTakeuchi2015" /> It can also occur under the influence of [[dosage#heavy|heavy]] dosages of [[cannabinoids]]<ref name="LawnFreeman2016">{{cite journal|last1=Lawn|first1=Will|last2=Freeman|first2=Tom P|last3=Pope|first3=Rebecca A|last4=Joye|first4=Alyssa|last5=Harvey|first5=Lisa|last6=Hindocha|first6=Chandni|last7=Mokrysz|first7=Claire|last8=Moss|first8=Abigail|last9=Wall|first9=Matthew B|last10=Bloomfield|first10=Michael AP|last11=Das|first11=Ravi K|last12=Morgan|first12=Celia JA|last13=Nutt|first13=David J|last14=Curran|first14=H Valerie|title=Acute and chronic effects of cannabinoids on effort-related decision-making and reward learning: an evaluation of the cannabis ‘amotivational’ hypotheses|journal=Psychopharmacology|volume=233|issue=19-20|year=2016|pages=3537–3552|issn=0033-3158|doi=10.1007/s00213-016-4383-x}}</ref> and [[benzodiazepines]], as a result of long-term SSRI usage,<ref name="Starcevic2014">{{cite journal|last1=Starcevic|first1=Vladan|title=The reappraisal of benzodiazepines in the treatment of anxiety and related disorders|journal=Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics|volume=14|issue=11|year=2014|pages=1275–1286|issn=1473-7175|doi=10.1586/14737175.2014.963057}}</ref> during the [[duration#offset|offset]] of [[stimulant|stimulants]], and during the [[withdrawal]] symptoms of almost any compound.

</onlyinclude>

===Psychoactive substances===

Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:

{{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Effect::Motivation suppression]]|format=ul|Columns=1}}

{{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Effect::Motivation suppression]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}

===Experience reports===

Annectdotal reports which describe this effect with our [[experience index]] include:

{{#ask:[[Category:Experience]][[Effect::Motivation suppression]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}

===See also===

*[[Responsible use]]

*[[Subjective effects index]]

*[[Motivation enhancement]]

*[[Diphenhydramine]]

*[[Psychedelics#Subjective_effects|Psychedelics - Subjective effects]]

*[[Dissociatives#Subjective_effects|Dissociatives - Subjective effects]]

*[[Deliriants#Subjective_effects|Deliriants - Subjective effects]]

[[Category:Cognitive]] [[~~CategoSuppression~~]] [[Category:Effect]]

===External links===

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anhedonia Anhedonia (Wikipedia)]

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apathy Apathy (Wikipedia)]

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boredom Boredom (Wikipedia)]

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lethargy Lethargy (Wikipedia)]

===References===

[[Category:Cognitive]]

[[Category:Depression]]

[[Category:Effect]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-<onlyinclude>
+<onlyinclude>'''Motivation depression''' (also known as '''avolition''' or '''amotivation''')<ref name="FervahaTakeuchi2015">{{cite journal|last1=Fervaha|first1=Gagan|last2=Takeuchi|first2=Hiroyoshi|last3=Lee|first3=Jimmy|last4=Foussias|first4=George|last5=Fletcher|first5=Paul J|last6=Agid|first6=Ofer|last7=Remington|first7=Gary|title=Antipsychotics and Amotivation|journal=Neuropsychopharmacology|volume=40|issue=6|year=2015|pages=1539–1548|issn=0893-133X|doi=10.1038/npp.2015.3}}</ref> is defined as a decreased desire to initiate or persist in goal-directed behavior.<ref name="LeeJung2015">{{cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=Jung|last2=Jung|first2=Suwon|last3=Park|first3=Il|last4=Kim|first4=Jae-Jin|title=Neural Basis of Anhedonia and Amotivation in Patients with Schizophrenia: The Role of Reward System|journal=Current Neuropharmacology|volume=13|issue=6|year=2015|pages=750–759|issn=1570159X|doi=10.2174/1570159X13666150612230333}}</ref><ref name="BarchDowd2010">{{cite journal|last1=Barch|first1=D. M.|last2=Dowd|first2=E. C.|title=Goal Representations and Motivational Drive in Schizophrenia: The Role of Prefrontal-Striatal Interactions|journal=Schizophrenia Bulletin|volume=36|issue=5|year=2010|pages=919–934|issn=0586-7614|doi=10.1093/schbul/sbq068}}</ref> Motivation depression prevents an individual the ability to sustain the rewarding value of an action into an uncertain future; this includes tasks deemed challenging or unpleasant, such as working, studying, cleaning, and doing general chores. At its higher levels, motivation depression can cause one to lose their desire to engage in any activities, even the ones that would usually be considered entertaining or rewarding to the user. This effect can lead onto severe states of boredom and even mild [[depression]] when experienced at a high level of intensity for prolonged periods of time.
-'''Motivation suppression''' can be described as a decrease in desire to do certain activities. This most often includes working or cleaning, which can happen even when completely sober. At higher intensity this can also include activities which can be considered entertaining or fun to the user. This effect is common on most drug comedowns or when bored. [[Deliriants]] or major [[depression]] may also suppress one's desire to do almost anything, including moving, talking, or, in dangerous overdoses, [[Respiratory depression|breathing]].
+Motivation suppression is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[sedation]] and [[thought deceleration]]. It is most commonly induced under the influence of an acute [[dosage]] of an [[antipsychotic]] compound, such as [[quetiapine]], [[haloperidol]], and [[risperidone]].<ref name="ArtaloytiaArango2006">{{cite journal|last1=Artaloytia|first1=Juan Francisco|last2=Arango|first2=Celso|last3=Lahti|first3=Adrienne|last4=Sanz|first4=Javier|last5=Pascual|first5=Ana|last6=Cubero|first6=Pedro|last7=Prieto|first7=David|last8=Palomo|first8=Tomás|title=Negative Signs and Symptoms Secondary to Antipsychotics: A Double-Blind, Randomized Trial of a Single Dose of Placebo, Haloperidol, and Risperidone in Healthy Volunteers|journal=American Journal of Psychiatry|volume=163|issue=3|year=2006|pages=488–493|issn=0002-953X|doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.163.3.488}}</ref><ref name="SaeediRemington2006">{{cite journal|last1=Saeedi|first1=H|last2=Remington|first2=G|last3=Christensen|first3=B|title=Impact of haloperidol, a dopamine D2 antagonist, on cognition and mood|journal=Schizophrenia Research|volume=85|issue=1-3|year=2006|pages=222–231|issn=09209964|doi=10.1016/j.schres.2006.03.033}}</ref> However, it is worth noting that chronic treatment with any [[dosage|dose]] of [[antipsychotic]] medication does not cause this effect.<ref name="FervahaTakeuchi2015" /> It can also occur under the influence of [[dosage#heavy|heavy]] dosages of [[cannabinoids]]<ref name="LawnFreeman2016">{{cite journal|last1=Lawn|first1=Will|last2=Freeman|first2=Tom P|last3=Pope|first3=Rebecca A|last4=Joye|first4=Alyssa|last5=Harvey|first5=Lisa|last6=Hindocha|first6=Chandni|last7=Mokrysz|first7=Claire|last8=Moss|first8=Abigail|last9=Wall|first9=Matthew B|last10=Bloomfield|first10=Michael AP|last11=Das|first11=Ravi K|last12=Morgan|first12=Celia JA|last13=Nutt|first13=David J|last14=Curran|first14=H Valerie|title=Acute and chronic effects of cannabinoids on effort-related decision-making and reward learning: an evaluation of the cannabis ‘amotivational’ hypotheses|journal=Psychopharmacology|volume=233|issue=19-20|year=2016|pages=3537–3552|issn=0033-3158|doi=10.1007/s00213-016-4383-x}}</ref> and [[benzodiazepines]], as a result of long-term SSRI usage,<ref name="Starcevic2014">{{cite journal|last1=Starcevic|first1=Vladan|title=The reappraisal of benzodiazepines in the treatment of anxiety and related disorders|journal=Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics|volume=14|issue=11|year=2014|pages=1275–1286|issn=1473-7175|doi=10.1586/14737175.2014.963057}}</ref> during the [[duration#offset|offset]] of [[stimulant|stimulants]], and during the [[withdrawal]] symptoms of almost any compound.
 </onlyinclude>
 ===Psychoactive substances===
 Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:
-{{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Effect::Motivation suppression]]|format=ul|Columns=1}}
+{{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Effect::Motivation suppression]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
+===Experience reports===
+Annectdotal reports which describe this effect with our [[experience index]] include:
+{{#ask:[[Category:Experience]][[Effect::Motivation suppression]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
 ===See also===
 *[[Responsible use]]
 *[[Subjective effects index]]
+*[[Motivation enhancement]]
 *[[Diphenhydramine]]
 *[[Psychedelics#Subjective_effects|Psychedelics - Subjective effects]]
 *[[Dissociatives#Subjective_effects|Dissociatives - Subjective effects]]
 *[[Deliriants#Subjective_effects|Deliriants - Subjective effects]]
-[[Category:Cognitive]] [[CategoSuppression]] [[Category:Effect]]
+===External links===
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anhedonia Anhedonia (Wikipedia)]
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apathy Apathy (Wikipedia)]
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boredom Boredom (Wikipedia)]
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lethargy Lethargy (Wikipedia)]
+===References===
+<references />
+[[Category:Cognitive]]
+[[Category:Depression]]
+[[Category:Effect]]