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'''Bucinnazine''' ('''AP-237''', 1-butyryl-4-cinnamylpiperazine) is an opioid analgesic drug and one of the most potent compounds among a series of piperazine-amides first synthesized and reported in Japan in the 1970s.<ref>Nishimura, N.; Kiuchi, M.; Kanetake, Y.; Takahashi, T. (1970). "Clinical exaluation of a new analgesic agent Ap-237". Masui. The Japanese Journal of Anesthesiology. 19 (6): 653–6. PMID 4916908.</ref> Bucinnazine has analgesic potency comparable to that of morphine but with a relatively higher therapeutic index. | |||
==History and culture== | ==History and culture== | ||
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Bucinnazine was first synthesized and reported in Japan in the 1970s,<ref>Nishimura, N.; Kiuchi, M.; Kanetake, Y.; Takahashi, T. (1970). "Clinical exaluation of a new analgesic agent Ap-237". Masui. The Japanese Journal of Anesthesiology. 19 (6): 653–6. PMID 4916908.</ref> and later widely used in China to treat pain in cancer patients as of 1986.<ref>Qing T, Zhi-Ji C, Wei-Ping W (1986). "Experimental Study on the Dependence-Producing Properties of Qiang Tong Ding (AP-237)". Chin. J. Clin. Pharmacol. (2).</ref> The drug was initially claimed to be a non-narcotic analgesic. | |||
==Chemistry== | ==Chemistry== | ||
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==Pharmacology== | ==Pharmacology== | ||
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Studies have shown that bucinnazine, and similar acyl piperazines, are potent and selective agonists of μ-opioid receptor (MOR) with relatively low affinity for the δ-opioid receptor and the κ-opioid receptor.<ref>Barlocco, D.; Cignarella, G.; Greco, G.; Novellino, E. (1993). "Computer-aided structure-affinity relationships in a set of piperazine and 3,8-diazabicyclo3.2.1octane derivatives binding to the mu-opioid receptor". Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design. 7 (5): 557–71. doi:10.1007/bf00124362. PMID 8294946. S2CID 23360530.</ref> | |||
==Subjective effects== | ==Subjective effects== | ||
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==Legal status== | ==Legal status== | ||
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* '''Sweden''': Bucinnazine is a class I controlled substance.<ref>Swedish Government Council Legal Database (Swedish) http://rkrattsbaser.gov.se/sfst?fritext=AP-237&upph=false</ref> | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ | * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucinnazine Bucinnazine (Wikipedia)] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||