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Talk:Clozapine: Difference between revisions
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{{decree|type=style|message=Please help by contributing so that this article can be published. It would be appreciated if the substancebox was verified and the references at the bottom were located and formatted. --[[User:Corticosteroid|Corticosteroid]] ([[User talk:Corticosteroid|talk]]) 02:56, 5 October 2017 (CEST)}} | {{decree|type=style|message=Please help by contributing so that this article can be published. It would be appreciated if the substancebox was verified and the references at the bottom were located and formatted. --[[User:Corticosteroid|Corticosteroid]] ([[User talk:Corticosteroid|talk]]) 02:56, 5 October 2017 (CEST)}} | ||
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{{SummarySheet}} | {{SummarySheet}} | ||
{{SubstanceBox/Clozapine}} | {{SubstanceBox/Clozapine}} | ||
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==Pharmacology== | ==Pharmacology== | ||
Clozapine is classified as and was the first atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds to several types of central nervous system receptors and displays a unique pharmacological profile. It is a [[serotonin]] antagonist, with strong binding to the 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> and 5-HT<sub>2C</sub> receptor subtypes. Clozapine has clinically significant anticholinergic activity, and this activity may make clozapine one of the few, if any other antipsychotic agents to have very low induction rates of tardive dyskinesia.<ref>Lieberman, J., Johns, C., Cooper, T., Pollack, S., & Kane, J. (1989). Clozapine pharmacology and tardive dyskinesia. Psychopharmacology, 99(1), S54-S59.</ref> | Clozapine is classified as and was the first atypical [[antipsychotic]] agent. It binds to several types of central nervous system receptors and displays a unique pharmacological profile. It is a [[serotonin]] [[antagonist]], with strong binding to the 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> and 5-HT<sub>2C</sub> [[receptor]] subtypes.<ref name="Clozapine">Clozapine (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68003024</ref> Clozapine has clinically significant anticholinergic activity, and this activity may make clozapine one of the few, if any other antipsychotic agents to have very low induction rates of tardive dyskinesia.<ref>Lieberman, J., Johns, C., Cooper, T., Pollack, S., & Kane, J. (1989). Clozapine pharmacology and tardive dyskinesia. Psychopharmacology, 99(1), S54-S59.</ref> | ||
It also displays a strong affinity as an antagonist to several [[dopamine|dopaminergic]] receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, which is commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. | It also displays a strong affinity as an [[antagonist]] to several [[dopamine|dopaminergic]] receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the [[dopamine]] D2 [[receptor]], which is commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity.<ref name="Clozapine"/> | ||
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agranulocytosis Agranulocytosis] (severely low white blood cell count) is a major adverse effect associated with the administration of this agent.<ref>Baldessarini, R. J., & Frankenburg, F. R. (1991). Clozapine: a novel antipsychotic agent. New England Journal of Medicine, 324(11), 746-754.</ref><ref>Smits, R. A., Lim, H. D., Stegink, B., Bakker, R. A., de Esch, I. J., & Leurs, R. (2006). Characterization of the histamine H4 receptor binding site. Part 1. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of dibenzodiazepine derivatives. Journal of medicinal chemistry, 49(15), 4512-4516.</ref> | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agranulocytosis Agranulocytosis] (severely low white blood cell count) is a major adverse effect associated with the administration of this agent.<ref>Baldessarini, R. J., & Frankenburg, F. R. (1991). Clozapine: a novel antipsychotic agent. New England Journal of Medicine, 324(11), 746-754.</ref><ref>Smits, R. A., Lim, H. D., Stegink, B., Bakker, R. A., de Esch, I. J., & Leurs, R. (2006). Characterization of the histamine H4 receptor binding site. Part 1. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of dibenzodiazepine derivatives. Journal of medicinal chemistry, 49(15), 4512-4516.</ref> | ||
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===Experience reports=== | ===Experience reports=== | ||
There are currently | There are currently {{#ask:[[Category:SUBSTANCE]][[Category:Experience]] | format=count}} experience reports which describe the effects of this substance in our [[experience index]]. | ||
{{#ask: [[Category:SUBSTANCE]][[Category:Experience]]|format=ul|Columns=1}} | |||
Additional experience reports can be found here: | |||
* [https://erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_Clozapine_.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: Clozapine] | * [https://erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_Clozapine_.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: Clozapine] | ||
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Clozapine can also cause NMS, or neuroleptic malignant syndrome. This reaction is rare, but serious and includes dysfunctions such as muscle rigidity, hyperthermia, paleness, psychomotor agitation, respiratory distress (tachypnea), among others.{{citation needed}} | Clozapine can also cause NMS, or neuroleptic malignant syndrome. This reaction is rare, but serious and includes dysfunctions such as muscle rigidity, hyperthermia, paleness, psychomotor agitation, respiratory distress (tachypnea), among others.{{citation needed}} | ||
== | ==Legal status== | ||
{{LegalStub}} | {{LegalStub}} | ||
*'''United States:''' Clozapine is not a controlled substance, but is a prescription-only medicine. Bloodwork for a condition called agranulocytosis is often done for safety before prescribing and sometimes while on the medication. | *'''United States:''' Clozapine is not a controlled substance, but is a prescription-only medicine. Bloodwork for a condition called agranulocytosis is often done for safety before prescribing and sometimes while on the medication. | ||
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*[[Quetiapine]] | *[[Quetiapine]] | ||
*[[Prochlorperazine]] | *[[Prochlorperazine]] | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clozapine Clozapine (Wikipedia)] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clozapine Clozapine (Wikipedia)] | ||
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*[https://www.drugs.com/clozapine.html Clozapine (Drugs.com)] | *[https://www.drugs.com/clozapine.html Clozapine (Drugs.com)] | ||
== | ==Literature== | ||
format these fuckers correctly please. and where are the <ref> tags ele-mayo | format these fuckers correctly please. and where are the <ref> tags ele-mayo | ||
http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/appletter/2002/19758se1-047ltr.pdf | http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/appletter/2002/19758se1-047ltr.pdf | ||
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68003024 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68003024 | ||
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]] | ==References== | ||
<references /> | |||
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]] | |||
[[Category:Proofread]] | |||