Haloperidol
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Haloperidol (trade name Haldol) is an antipsychotic drug used to treat Tourette Syndrome, as well as other mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, mania, bipolar disorder, delirium, psychosis as well a variety of other symptoms. It was first synthesized in 1958 by Paul Janssen[1] from meperidine[2]. Haloperidol is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system.[citation needed] It is also one of the most frequently prescribed typical antipsychotics and is sometimes carried by emergency medical services as an emergency sedative.
| Haloperidol | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Chemical Nomenclature | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common names | Haldol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Substitutive name | Haloperidol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Systematic name | 4-[4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Psychoactive class | Antipsychotic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemical class | Butyrophenone / Phenylpiperidine | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Summary sheet: Haloperidol |
Chemistry
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This chemistry section is incomplete. You can help by adding to it. |
Haloperidol is a molecule of the Butyrophenone class.
Pharmacology
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This pharmacology section is incomplete. You can help by adding to it. |
As a typical antipsychotic, haloperidol has a diverse pharmacological profile. Primarily, haloperidol acts on dopamine D2 receptors as an antagonist, as well as a D3 inverse agonist. Haloperidol is also an antagonist of the 5-HT2A receptor, although this effect is not as powerful as that of quetiapine. Unlike many antipsychotcs, haloperidol has negligible affinity for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors as well as the histamine receptors, which results in less sedation, weight gain and hypotension.[3]
Subjective effects
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This subjective effects section is a stub. As such, it is still in progress and may contain incomplete or wrong information. You can help by expanding or correcting it. |
The effects listed below are based upon the subjective effects index and personal experiences of PsychonautWiki contributors. The listed effects will rarely (if ever) occur all at once, but heavier dosages will increase the chances and are more likely to induce a full range of effects.
Physical effects
- Constipation
- Dehydration
- Difficulty urinating
- Excessive yawning
- Muscle stiffness
- Nausea suppression
- Physical fatigue - This effect can sometimes result in an inability to perform tasks such as exercise, walking or even sitting.
- Respiratory depression
- Sedation
- Seizure suppression
Cognitive effects
Toxicity and harm potential
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This toxicity and harm potential section is a stub. As a result, it may contain incomplete or even dangerously wrong information! You can help by expanding upon or correcting it. |
Haloperidol can have serious side effects at higher dosages, such as risk of having severe extrapyramidal symptoms and muscle rigidity, which can last for hours.
Both typical and atypical antipsychotics can cause tardive dyskinesia.[4] According to one study, rates are lower with the atypicals at 3.9% as opposed to the typicals at 5.5%.[5] Switching to these atypicals is an option to minimize symptoms of tardive dyskinesia caused by other atypicals.[6]
It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this drug.
Legal issues
- Australia: The drug is available via prescription only.
- Canada: The drug is available via prescription only.
- United States: The drug is available via prescription only.
- United Kingdom: Haloperidol is a prescription-only medication.
See also
References
- ↑ https://books.google.ca/books?id=Cb6BOkj9fK4C&pg=PA124#v=onepage&q&f=false
- ↑ https://books.google.ca/books?id=iDNy0XxGqT8C&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false
- ↑ H1-Histamine Receptor Affinity Predicts Short-Term Weight Gain for Typical and Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs | http://www.nature.com/npp/journal/v28/n3/full/1300027a.html
- ↑ Tardive dyskinesia and new antipsychotics | http://journals.lww.com/co-psychiatry/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=2008&issue=03000&article=00012&type=abstract
- ↑ Tardive dyskinesia and new antipsychotics | http://journals.lww.com/co-psychiatry/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=2008&issue=03000&article=00012&type=abstract
- ↑ Tardive Dyskinesia | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11940-011-0117-x